May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is the pathologic compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery, resulting in left lower extremity pain, swelling, and deep venous thrombosis. Though this syndrome was first described in 1851, there are currently no standardized criteria to establish the diagnosis of MTS. Since MTS is treated by a wide array of specialties, including interventional radiology, vascular surgery, cardiology, and vascular medicine, the need for an established diagnostic criterion is imperative in order to reduce misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Although MTS has historically been diagnosed by the presence of pathologic features, the use of dynamic imaging techniques has led to a more radiologic based diagnosis. Thus, imaging plays an integral part in screening patients for MTS, and the utility of a wide array of imaging modalities has been evaluated. Here, we summarize the historical aspects of the clinical features of this syndrome. We then provide a comprehensive assessment of the literature on the efficacy of imaging tools available to diagnose MTS. Lastly, we provide clinical pearls and recommendations to aid physicians in diagnosing the syndrome through the use of provocative measures.

Purpose: In the frame of the QA program of RENEB, an inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) of calibration sources used in biological dosimetry was achieved to investigate the influence of calibration practices and protocols on the results of the dose estimation performance as a first step to harmonization and standardization of dosimetry and irradiation practices in the European biological dosimetry network. Materials and methods: Delivered doses by irradiation facilities used by RENEB partners were determined with EPR/alanine dosimetry system. Dosimeters were irradiated in the same conditions as blood samples. A short survey was also performed to collect the information needed for the data analysis and evaluate the diversity of practices. Results: For most of partners the deviation of delivered dose from the targeted dose remains below 10%. Deviations larger than 10% were observed for five facilities out of 21. Origins of the largest discrepancies were identified. Correction actions were evaluated as satisfactory. The re-evaluation of some ILC results for the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) assays has been performed leading to an improvement of the overall performances. Conclusions: This work has shown the importance of dosimetry in radiobiology studies and the needs of harmonization, standardization in irradiation and dosimetry practices and educational training for biologists using ionizing radiation. ARTICLE HISTORY

Con el propósito de proponer una estrategia de transferencia de tecnología en la ganadería campesina practicada por productores indígenas. Se llevó a cabo la presente investigación en la comunidad indígena de Santo Domingo, Tepuxtepec Mixe, Oaxaca; donde la ganadería campesina se encuentra integrada por aves (gallinas y guajolotes), bovinos, caprinos, ovinos y equinos, siendo notoria la ausencia de los porcinos. Además los resultados indicaron que en todas las unidades de producción campesinas (UPC) se realizan prácticas inadecuadas de tecnología de producción animal. Ante la situación encontrada, se propone una estrategia que incluye acciones referentes a organización, educación, asistencia técnica, infraestructura, financiamiento y comercialización. Con la aplicación de estas acciones se puede tener una mejora en la cría de los animales, en los ingresos de los productores, en un mayor y mejor consumo de alimentos de origen animal para la familia, mayor cantidad de abono orgánico para la parcela agrícola y una menor incidencia de enfermedades zoonóticas que se refleja en una mejor salud de la familia campesina, en particular en niños y adultos. Por estas razones, es importante diseñar y poner en practica un programa de transferencia de tecnología para este tipo de productores campesinos indígenas que habitan en el territorio nacional, en particular en Oaxaca, donde se encuentran más de 368 mil familias campesinas indígenas que conforman entre otros los grupos indígenas Zapotecos, Mixtecos, Mazatecos, Chinantecos y Mixe (en vocabulario Mixe: Ayuuk), está última de interés en este estudio.

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