Flow Reversals in Peatlands Influenced by Local Groundwater Systems

Devito, K. J.; Waddington, J. M.; Branfireun, Brian A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199701)11:1<103::aid-hyp417>3.0.co;2-e

Cited by 89 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Since the temperature of the deeper soil layers is lower than that of the shallow soil layers, the upward water movement lowers the temperature of upper soil layers, which also explains why soil temperatures simulated by the convection Model 1 in summer are lower than by the conduction-only Model 2. Such upward water movement is well documented in mineral soils (e.g., Dingman, 1993;Hansson et al, 2004;Richards, 1941) and has been reported for sphagnum moss dominated peatlands and wetlands (e.g., Devito et al, 1998;Reeve et al, 2000;Romanowicz et al, 1993). The net effect of this heat transport via water movement is the cooling of surface layers and appears to be an important contributor to the mismatch between Model 2 simulations and observed temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Kinematic wave approximation has been successfully used to describe the one-dimensional vertical unsaturated subsurface flow (Germann, 1985), snowmelt water movement (Singh et al, 1997), soil moisture dynamics (Mdaghri-Alaoui and Germann, 1998), and preferential flow (Simunek et al, 2003) in coarse soil with high saturated hydraulic conductivity. The water flows upward or downward in the humic OC (i.e., well decomposed organic matter) of wet sites (Devito et al, 1998;Reeve et al, 2000;Romanowicz et al, 1993) due to the wicking of water by sphagnum moss (Wang et al, 2003) and in the mineral soil layers, based on the gradient of soil water pressure head that was defined as:…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change

Fan

Neff

Harden

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change

Fan

Neff

Harden

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

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“…In bogs, the dominant water loss in summer is by evapotranspiration losses. Devito et al (1997) show the seasonal importance of vertical flow, and Siegel et al (1995) show the periodic importance of vertical flow. The hydraulic conductivity of the catotelm of raised bogs is several orders of magnitude smaller than the acrotelm (van Breemen, 1995), resulting in a more-or-less impermeable layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling hydrological management for the restoration of acidified floating fens

Dekker¹,

Barendregt²,

Bootsma³

et al. 2005

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Wetlands show a large decline in biodiversity. To protect and restore this biodiversity, many restoration projects are carried out. Hydrology in wetlands controls the chemical and biological processes and may be the most important factor regulating wetland function and development. Hydrological models may be used to simulate these processes and to evaluate management scenarios for restoration. HYDRUS2D, a combined saturated-unsaturated groundwater flow and transport model, is presented. This simulates near-surface hydrological processes in an acidified floating fen, with the aim to evaluate the effect of hydrological restoration in terms of conditions for biodiversity. In the acidified floating fen in the nature reserve Ilperveld (The Netherlands), a trench system was dug for the purpose of creating a runoff channel for acid rainwater in wet periods and to enable circum-neutral surface water to enter the fen in dry periods. The model is calibrated against measured conductivity values for a 5 year period. From the model simulations, it was found that lateral flow in the floating raft is limited. Furthermore, the model shows that the best management option is a combination of trenches and inundation, which gave the best soil water quality in the root zone. It is concluded that hydrological models can be used for the calculation of management scenarios in restoration projects. The combined saturated-unsaturated model concept used in this paper is able to incorporate the governing hydrological processes in the wetland root zones.

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“…However, it is also possible that some of the studied sites are transitional between bog and poor fen, rather than purely ombrotrophic. Minor flow reversals (Devito et al, 1997) are also possible in these sites, but the high rainfall in the regions that support blanket bogs is expected to "flush" minerotrophic water from the peat.…”

Section: Local Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional and local patterns in depth to water table, hydrochemistry and peat properties of bogs and their laggs in coastal British Columbia

Howie

Meerveld

2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In restoration planning for damaged raised bogs, the lagg at the bog margin is often not given considerable weight and is sometimes disregarded entirely. However, the lagg is critical for the proper functioning of the bog, as it supports the water mound in the bog. In order to include the lagg in a restoration plan for a raised bog, it is necessary to understand the hydrological characteristics and functions of this rarely studied transition zone. We studied 13 coastal British Columbia (BC) bogs and identified two different gradients in depth to water table, hydrochemistry and peat properties: (1) a local bog expanse-bog margin gradient, and (2) a regional gradient related to climate and proximity to the ocean. Depth to water table generally increased across the transition from bog expanse to bog margin. In the bog expanse, pH was above 4.2 in the Pacific Oceanic wetland region (cooler and wetter climate) and below 4.3 in the Pacific Temperate wetland region (warmer and drier climate). Both pH and pH-corrected electrical conductivity increased significantly across the transition from bog expanse to bog margin, though not in all cases. Na + and Mg 2+ concentrations were generally highest in exposed, oceanic bogs and lower in inland bogs. Ash content in peat samples increased across the bog expanse-bog margin transition, and appears to be a useful abiotic indicator of the location of the bog margin. The observed variation in the hydrological and hydrochemical gradients across the bog expanse-bog margin transition highlights both local and regional diversity of bogs and their associated laggs.

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Flow Reversals in Peatlands Influenced by Local Groundwater Systems

Cited by 89 publications

References 18 publications

Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change

Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change

Modelling hydrological management for the restoration of acidified floating fens

Regional and local patterns in depth to water table, hydrochemistry and peat properties of bogs and their laggs in coastal British Columbia

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