Flowering of Bromegrass, Bromus Inermis, in the Greenhouse as Influenced by Length of Day, Temperature, and Level of Fertility<sup>1</sup>

Evans, Marshall; Wilsie, C. P.

doi:10.2134/agronj1946.00021962003800100008x

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In the older literature Bromus inermis is classified as a long-day plant because only the secondary induction requiretnents were observed (Allard and Evans 1941, Evans and Wilsie 1946, Gall 1947. However, the winter tequirement for primary induction is evident from these and other reports (Sass and Skogtnan 1951, Bommer 1959, Klebesadel 1970.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering requirements in Bromus inermis, a short‐long‐day plant

Heide¹

1984

Physiologia Plantarum

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Smooth bromegrass plants (Bromus inermis Leyss.) have a dual photoperiodic requirement for flowering. At temperatures ranging from 6 to 24°C, short days (SD) are necessary for primary induction while a transition to long days (LD) is required for initiation of flower primordia, culm elongation and flower development (secondary induction). Critical photoperiods for primary induction (50% flowering) were 13.5 h (15°C) and 12 h (24°C) in the American cv. Manchar and 14.5 and 13 h, respectively, in the Norwegian cv. Löfar. For the secondary induction the respective critical photoperiods were 14 and 15 h in ‘Manchar’ and 16 and 17.5 h in ‘Löar’, which also appeared to be better adapted to low temperatures. Low temperature vernalization in LD for up to 16 weeks at 3°C was unable to cause primary induction and temperatures below 12°C also strongly reduced the SD effect. At optimum temperature (15‐2TC) 4 to 6 weeks of 8‐10 h SD treatments were needed for optimal primary induction effect. A minimum of 8 LD cycles of 24 h were required for complete secondary induction in ‘Manchar’, while more than 16 cycles were needed in ‘Löfar’. Seedlings grown in SD developed a rosette type of growth with shoots growing in a decumbent position, while those in LD grew upright and formed elongated vegetative culms. Rate of leaf initiation was enhanced by about 60% by LD while tillering was promoted by SD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering requirements in Bromus inermis, a short‐long‐day plant

Heide¹

1984

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…The production of mature flowers and fruits from the floral initials is likewise favored by long days (1,3,5,15), although certain species from southern latitudes may require short days (10). At this later stage, orchard grass is a long-day plant with a lower critical limit of approximately 12 hours (1,15).…”

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Floral Induction and Development in Ochard Grass

Gardner

Loomis²

1953

Plant Physiol.

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PETERSON and LooMis (11) found that both low temperature and short day lengths were necessary for floral induction in Kentucky bluegrass, but growth and development of flowers were favored by long days and a moderately warm temperature. Other investigators (8, 9) have obtained similar results with smooth brome grass. COOPER (2) found that perennial rye grass remained vegetative under continuous illumination in a warm greenhouse, whereas annual and Italian types flowered well under these conditions.From a physiological viewpoint, less emphasis has been given to initiation of floral primordia in perennial grasses than to induction. However, detailed morphological studies on the seasonal development of the shoot apices have been conducted on a number of species (2, 7, 12, 13), including orchard grass (4). In general, investigators agree that the growing points remain in a vegetative condition throughout the fall and winter and initiate floral primordia the following spring with increasing day-length and temperature.

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“…Smooth bromegrass enters the reproductive phase only under long day length. Its photoperiodic response has been extensively investigated (1,5,7,11,12). Induction of tillering and degree of heading are also influenced by temperature.…”

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“…Induction of tillering and degree of heading are also influenced by temperature. Maturity types and strains within the species have been shown to differ slightly as to optimum temperatures for seed production ( 5). Soil nutrients, particularly nitrogen, have been shown to have a marked effect on seed production.…”

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confidence: 99%