Fluidized Bed Steam Reformed (FBSR) Mineral Waste Forms: Characterization and Durability Testing

Jantzen, Carol M.; Lorier, Troy H.; Pareizs, J. M.; Marra, James C.

doi:10.1557/proc-985-0985-nn10-04

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The primary product from the FBSR process is a granular product composed of sodium aluminosilicate minerals. The sodium aluminosilicate FBSR granular product is a multiphase mineral assemblage of sodium aluminosilicate (NAS) feldspathoid minerals (sodalite, nosean, and nepheline) with cage and ring structures that sequester anions and cations 2.2 (Jantzen et al 2007). Nepheline is the basic sodium aluminosilicate mineral with the formula Na 2 OAl 2 O 3 -2SiO 2 .…”

Section: Fbsr Product Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the waste compositions, process additives such as magnetite are included to form iron-bearing spinel minerals to sequester Cr and Ni in the waste. (Jantzen et al 2007). Minor waste components then substitute inside the cage structures or attach to the cage or ring structures through ionic bonds with oxygen in the mineral structure.…”

Section: Fbsr Product Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Secondary Waste Form Screening Test Results—THOR® Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Product in a Geopolymer Matrix

Pires¹,

Westsik²,

Serne³

et al. 2011

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Executive SummaryScreening tests are being conducted to evaluate waste forms for immobilizing secondary liquid wastes from the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Plans are underway to add a stabilization treatment unit to the Effluent Treatment Facility to provide the needed capacity for treating these wastes from WTP. The current baseline is to use a Cast Stone cementitious waste form to solidify the wastes. Through a literature survey, DuraLith alkali-aluminosilicate geopolymer, fluidized-bed steam reformation (FBSR) granular product encapsulated in a geopolymer matrix, and a Ceramicrete phosphatebonded ceramic were identified both as candidate waste forms and alternatives to the baseline. These waste forms have been shown to meet waste disposal acceptance criteria, including compressive strength and universal treatment standards for Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals (as measured by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure [TCLP]). Thus, these non-cementitious waste forms should also be acceptable for land disposal. Information is needed on all four waste forms with respect to their capability to minimize the release of technetium. Technetium is a radionuclide predicted to be in the secondary liquid wastes in small quantities, but the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) risk assessment analyses show that technetium, even at low mass, produces the largest contribution to the estimated IDF disposal impacts to groundwater.To support a final waste form down-selection, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is conducting screening tests on the candidate waste forms to provide a basis for comparison. This report documents the screening test results on the FBSR granular product encapsulated in a geopolymer (GEO-7) matrix. Ultimately, either one or a few waste forms will be chosen in a down-selection process. The down-selected waste form(s) will be compliant with regulations and performance criteria and will lead to cost-effective disposal of the WTP secondary wastes. Later, more comprehensive and longer term performance testing will be conducted, following the guidance provided by the secondary waste form selection, development, and performance evaluation roadmap.Three draft test protocols (e.g., 1313, 1315, and 1316) being developed for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were used to screen the encapsulated FBSR stabilization technologies. These EPA draft methods are a combination of static and semi-dynamic leach experiments that can be used to provide more detailed mechanistic information on material performance in comparison to the current standard leach methods, such as ANSI/ANS 16.1 and TCLP. The EPA draft Method 1313 is a static-leach test method where extraction experiments are conducted in dilute acid or base with deionized water (DIW) over a range of pHs at a fixed liquid-to-solid ratio. Instead of a dilute acid or base at a fixed liquid-to-solid ratio, draft Method 1316 uses DIW as the leachant for a range of liquid-to-solid ratios. The EPA...

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Section: Fbsr Product Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fbsr Product Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Waste Form Screening Test Results—THOR® Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Product in a Geopolymer Matrix

Pires¹,

Westsik²,

Serne³

et al. 2011

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show abstract

“…Several demonstrations have been conducted to evaluate the capability of the FBSR technology to treat simulated Hanford LAW and Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) sodium-bearing waste (SBW). For additional details on and a discussion of the results from these demonstrations and the FBSR product, see Jantzen (2002Jantzen ( , 2006Jantzen ( , and 2008, Jantzen et al (2007), Olson et al (2004), or Soelberg et al (2003, or visit the THOR Treatment Technologies LLC website (www.thortt.com). Here we provide a general overview of the results.…”

Section: Fluidized Bed Steam Reformermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

Pierce¹,

Mattigod²,

Westsik³

et al. 2010

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Executive SummaryPacific Northwest National Laboratory has initiated a waste-form testing program to support the longterm durability evaluation of a waste form for secondary wastes generated from the treatment and immobilization of Hanford radioactive tank wastes. The purpose of the work discussed in this report is to identify candidate stabilization technologies and getters that have the potential to successfully treat the secondary waste stream liquid effluent, mainly from off-gas scrubbers and spent solids, produced by the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Down-selection to the most promising stabilization processes/waste forms is needed to support the design of a solidification treatment unit (STU) to be added to the Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF). To support key decision processes, an initial screening of the secondary liquid waste forms must be completed by February 2010. Later, more comprehensive and longer term performance testing will be conducted, following the guidance provided by the secondary waste-form selection, development, and performance evaluation roadmap. The resulting waste form will be compliant to regulations and performance criteria and will lead to cost-effective disposal of the secondary wastes.This report starts with a brief review of some of the most commonly used solidification formulations that would be candidates for secondary liquid waste streams. In this review, the available data on performance are discussed, and some preliminary recommendations are provided for materials that should undergo additional screening testing. We also 1) discuss options for disposal of WTP secondary solid waste streams, 2) provide a brief overview of standard regulatory test methods used for measuring contaminant leachability and waste-form physical strength (with emphasis on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's [EPA's] new methods as a screening tool for comparing waste solidification materials of interest), and 3) provide an overview of factors that must be considered in long-term performance testing, including state-of-the-art characterization tools that can provide the data needed to technically defend predictive modeling simulations of long-term material behavior. The long-term wasteform testing and solid and leachate characterization must be robust enough to effectively predict material performance in the Integrated Disposal Facility over the 10,000-year period of performance for the engineered system. The solidification technologies for liquid waste streams include cement/grout, containerized Cast Stone, phosphate-bonded ceramics, alkali-aluminosilicate geopolymers, hydroceramics, L-TEM, and fluidized-bed steam reforming (FBSR). In addition to these, other mature technologies and two compounds, namely goethite and sodalite (that are still being developed), that show considerable promise as waste forms or getters are also discussed. It is our recommendation, based upon the available literature, that Cast Stone, chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (Ceramicrete...

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“…[Mason 2006, Burket 2005, Soelberg 2004a, Soelberg 2004b. Characterization and durability testing of FBSR bed and fines material produced at pilot scale facilities have been reported , Jantzen et al, 2006a, Jantzen et al, 2006b]. Durability testing of those materials in monolithic form was also studied [Jantzen 2006c].…”

Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability Testing of Fluidized Bed Steam Reformer Waste Forms for Sodium Bearing Waste at Idaho National Laboratory

Crawford¹,

Jantzen²

2007

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Fluidized Bed Steam Reformed (FBSR) Mineral Waste Forms: Characterization and Durability Testing

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Secondary Waste Form Screening Test Results—THOR® Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Product in a Geopolymer Matrix

Secondary Waste Form Screening Test Results—THOR® Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Product in a Geopolymer Matrix

Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

Durability Testing of Fluidized Bed Steam Reformer Waste Forms for Sodium Bearing Waste at Idaho National Laboratory

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