Fluoro‐Substituted n‐Type Conjugated Polymers for Additive‐Free All‐Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with High Power Conversion Efficiency of 6.71%

Jung, Jae Woong; Jo, Jea Woong; Chueh, Chu‐Chen; Liu, Feng; Jo, Won Ho; Russell, Thomas P.; Jen, Alex K.‐Y.

doi:10.1002/adma.201501214

Cited by 430 publications

(336 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The trend observed systematically for such polymers is a lowering of their HOMO when compared to their non-fluorinated analogues. The lowering of the HOMO is of Recently, Jo and co-workers applied the fluorination strategy to one of the most investigated n-type copolymers, the P(NDI2OD-T2) derivative (Figure 21) [95]. Amazingly, in their specific case, the authors observed, by cyclic voltammetry, a raising LUMO level upon backbone fluorination of about 0.15 eV ( Table 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of Backbone Fluorination on π-Conjugated Polymers in Organic Photovoltaic Devices: A Review

et al. 2016

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Solution-processed bulk heterojunction solar cells have experienced a remarkable acceleration in performances in the last two decades, reaching power conversion efficiencies above 10%. This impressive progress is the outcome of a simultaneous development of more advanced device architectures and of optimized semiconducting polymers. Several chemical approaches have been developed to fine-tune the optoelectronics and structural polymer parameters required to reach high efficiencies. Fluorination of the conjugated polymer backbone has appeared recently to be an especially promising approach for the development of efficient semiconducting polymers. As a matter of fact, most currently best-performing semiconducting polymers are using fluorine atoms in their conjugated backbone. In this review, we attempt to give an up-to-date overview of the latest results achieved on fluorinated polymers for solar cells and to highlight general polymer properties' evolution trends related to the fluorination of their conjugated backbone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of Backbone Fluorination on π-Conjugated Polymers in Organic Photovoltaic Devices: A Review

et al. 2016

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“…Since most good OSCs that are used as n-type materials like [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and N2200 have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) around −4.0 eV, [7,8] it is very difficult to realize a stable dopant with a HOMO above −4.0 eV as would be required for efficient electron transfer. Fortunately, Wei et al have reported a promising material, (4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)phenyl) dimethylamine (N-DMBI), that can be used as stable n-type dopant due to a two-step thermally activated doping mechanism.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Seebeck Coefficient and Power Factor in n‐Type Organic Thermoelectrics

Zuo

Wang

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

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be attributed to the absence of an n-type equivalent of PEDOT, the overall scarcity of n-type OSCs, and the inefficiency of most n-type dopants. Since most good OSCs that are used as n-type materials like [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and N2200 have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) around −4.0 eV, [7,8] it is very difficult to realize a stable dopant with a HOMO above −4.0 eV as would be required for efficient electron transfer. Fortunately, Wei et al. have reported a promising material, (4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)phenyl) dimethylamine (N-DMBI), that can be used as stable n-type dopant due to a two-step thermally activated doping mechanism. [9] Very recently, Huang et al. used this dopant to achieve record values for PF = 105 µW m −1 K −2 and ZT = 0.11 at room temperature for the small molecule A-DCV-DPPTT. [10] Some reports also have demonstrated that dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl (N-DBI) derivatives can improve the electrical conductivity by several orders of magnitude in n-type OTE by solution-processing. For example, Schlitz et al. have shown that solution mixtures of P(NDIOD-T2) with 9 mol% N-DBI derivatives can achieve σ ≈ 1 S m −1 and a PF over 0.6 µW m −1 K −2 . [11] Yuan et al. reported a small-molecule 2DQTT-o-OD that, with 10 wt% of a novel N-DBI derivative incorporated in solution, acquires a PF of 17.2 µW m −1 K −2 at room temperature. [12] Shi et al. achieved a high electron mobility in FBDPPV with σ ≈ 1400 S m −1 and PF ≈ 28 µW m −1 K −2 , when adding around 5 wt% N-DMBI in solution. [13] Despite the positive effect of N-DMBI and N-DBI derivatives on electrical conductivity, it probably fails to further increase σ and PF upon further increasing the volume fraction in solution mixtures due to degradation of the blend morphology. [14] Liu et al. demonstrated a modified fullerene derivative, PTEG-1, that shows an increased miscibility at the nanoscale level and thereby achieved a PF of 16.7 µW m −1 K −2 with σ ≈ 205 S m −1 at 40 mol% of N-DMBI. [15] For p-type OTE, most reported experimental data seem to follow an empirical quasi-universal power law relationship between the Seebeck coefficient S and conductivity as S ∝ σ − 1/4 . [2,3] In view of the limited number of reported data, it is still unclear whether n-type OTE also follow this power law, and different power law slopes have been reported. [15,16] Here, we introduce a novel, inverse-sequential doping procedure that mitigates the need for solvent orthogonality in conventional sequential doping to investigate the potential of deposited on a previously cast dopant 4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline film to achieve a very high power factor PF ≈ 35 µW m −1 K −2 with a conductivity σ ≈ 40 S m −1 is introduced. It is also shown that n-type organic semiconductors obey the −1/4 power law relation between Seebeck coefficient S and σ that are previously found for p-type materials. An analytical model on basis of variable range hopping unifies these results. Th...

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“…25 From Fig. 3(b), we determined the exponential factor (a) for the devices processed with 0%, 3%, 5%, and 8% DIO as 0.91 6 0.01, 0.92 6 0.01, 0.96 6 0.02, and 0.87 6 0.01, respectively.…”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of processing additives for charge generation, recombination, and extraction in bulk heterojunction layers of all-polymer photovoltaics

Kim

Ahn

Wang

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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Bulk heterojunction all-polymer solar cells, fabricated with poly{[4,8-bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl-thiophene-5-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-alt-[2-(2-ethyl-hexanoyl)-thieno[3,4-b′]thiophen-4,6-diyl]} (PBDTTT-CT) as a donor polymer, and a acceptor polymer, poly{[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)), have been demonstrated and have achieved a power conversion efficiency exceeding 3.7% by using 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) as a processing additive. Based on the analysis of charge carrier dynamics (charge generation, separation, and extraction), we found that the appropriate ratio of processing solvent additive (5 vol. % DIO) leads to enhanced device performance and favorable morphological characteristics. This research, therefore, indicates that the incorporation of a DIO additive in all-polymer blends is an effective way to form a morphologically ideal heterojunction network and thereby improve charge carrier kinetics for efficient photovoltaic devices.

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Fluoro‐Substituted n‐Type Conjugated Polymers for Additive‐Free All‐Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with High Power Conversion Efficiency of 6.71%

Cited by 430 publications

References 51 publications

Impact of Backbone Fluorination on π-Conjugated Polymers in Organic Photovoltaic Devices: A Review

Impact of Backbone Fluorination on π-Conjugated Polymers in Organic Photovoltaic Devices: A Review

High Seebeck Coefficient and Power Factor in n‐Type Organic Thermoelectrics

The effect of processing additives for charge generation, recombination, and extraction in bulk heterojunction layers of all-polymer photovoltaics

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