“…A cadaveric study also found, when aiming for a predetermined stem-shaft angle of 135°, the mean stemshaft angle obtained by conventional instrumentation was 127.7°(range, 120°-132°) compared with 133.3°(range, 131°-139°) in the computer navigation group [14]. Accuracy of guide wire placement also has been improved by using either fluoroscopic guidance [26] or fluoroscopicbased surgical navigation [7,17].…”