Fluxes of oxidised and reduced nitrogen above a mixed coniferous forest exposed to various nitrogen emission sources

Neirynck, Johan; Kowalski, Andrew S.; Carrara, Arnaud; Genouw, Gerrit; Berghmans, Patrick; Ceulemans, R.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.12.029

Cited by 59 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A review of field observations suggests that the NH 3 deposition velocity is at least half and perhaps as high as the HNO 3 deposition velocity. Our choice of 70% agrees well with the findings of Neirynck et al (52) and Nemitz et al (39). This NH 3 deposition velocity approach is a simple approximation of unidirectional air-surface exchange, ignoring important bidirectional exchange processes that influence the magnitude and direction of the flux.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

Increasing importance of deposition of reduced nitrogen in the United States

Schichtel

Walker

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

355

253

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Rapid development of agriculture and fossil fuel combustion greatly increased US reactive nitrogen emissions to the atmosphere in the second half of the 20th century, resulting in excess nitrogen deposition to natural ecosystems. Recent efforts to lower nitrogen oxides emissions have substantially decreased nitrate wet deposition. Levels of wet ammonium deposition, by contrast, have increased in many regions. Together these changes have altered the balance between oxidized and reduced nitrogen deposition. Across most of the United States, wet deposition has transitioned from being nitrate-dominated in the 1980s to ammonium-dominated in recent years. Ammonia has historically not been routinely measured because there are no specific regulatory requirements for its measurement. Recent expansion in ammonia observations, however, along with ongoing measurements of nitric acid and fine particle ammonium and nitrate, permit new insight into the balance of oxidized and reduced nitrogen in the total (wet + dry) US nitrogen deposition budget. Observations from 37 sites reveal that reduced nitrogen contributes, on average, ∼65% of the total inorganic nitrogen deposition budget. Dry deposition of ammonia plays an especially key role in nitrogen deposition, contributing from 19% to 65% in different regions. Future progress toward reducing US nitrogen deposition will be increasingly difficult without a reduction in ammonia emissions.ammonia | dry deposition | wet deposition | nitrogen oxides | agriculture

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

Increasing importance of deposition of reduced nitrogen in the United States

Schichtel

Walker

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

355

253

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Wetness effects also impacted the magnitude of the nocturnal O 3 fluxes, which still comprised one third of the daytime O 3 flux. The foliage of this suburban forest is exposed to the corrugating and erosive impact of air pollution, which consists of a mixture of reactive gases (O 3 , NH 3 , SO 2 , and NO x ) and particles (soot, diesel particulate matter, particulate ammonium and nitrate), emitted from different sources (Neirynck et al, 2007(Neirynck et al, , 2011. This results in erosion of the epicuticular waxes of the needles (Crossley and Fowler, 1986) and increased (microscopic) leaf wettability (Burkhardt and Eiden, 1994;Burkhardt and Hunsche, 2013).…”

Section: Drivers Of Non-stomatal Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is bordered to the North and West by a residential area within a radius of ca. 500 m (Neirynck et al, 2007). To the South and East, the forested fetch extends over 2 km, before the landscape turns into an agricultural area.…”

Section: Site Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soils supporting the pine trees are Aeolian Coversand layers (Dryas III) with a high sand content >95% (Arenosol). These sandy layers are overlying a substratum of Clay of the Campine (Early Pleistocene Tiglian stage, >40 % clay content), which depth varies between 0.6 and 2 m. A perched water table is present at a variable depth ranging between 0.5 and 3.0 m. The forest is exposed to different emission sources (Neirynck et al, 2005(Neirynck et al, , 2007. Westerly winds bring sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), anthropogenic VOCs and soot bearing air masses, coming either from the petrochemical industry, power plants or other industrial companies situated at the port of Antwerp (15 km to the W).…”

Section: Site Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of Ozone Deposition Velocity Over a Mixed Suburban Temperate Forest

Neirynck¹,

Verstraeten²

2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

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A 10-year long dataset of half-hourly ozone (O 3 ) fluxes was used to study the variability in deposition velocity (υ d ) over a mixed temperate suburban forest. Average (median) υ d amounted to 0.70 (0.46) cm s −1 , with day-and night-time average (median) of 0.98 (0.73) cm s −1 and 0.46 (0.30) cm s −1 , respectively. It was found that the precipitation form had a marked impact on υ d and the deposition efficiency (υ d/ υ dmax ), with highest values measured when the canopy was dew-wetted or covered with snow. The analysis further evidenced that traffic volume led to increased deposition due to the presence of chemical reactions between O 3 and nitric oxide (NO) above the canopy surface. During the working week, daytime values of υ d, υ d/ υ dmax and the O 3 fluxes (F) were found to be significantly higher than the weekend values, especially during the winter half-year. In a next step, half hourly deposition data were aggregated into day-and night-time monthly values, for a correlative study with measured environmental variables. Monthly average night-time/daytime υ d and υ d/ υ dmax were positively correlated with the relative humidity at the canopy surface (RH(z 0 ′ )) and negatively correlated with the water levels below the ground surface. During the daytime, monthly υ d and υ d/ υ dmax were additionally increased during the working-week when traffic volume was high. There existed, however, substantially different weather conditions, in which unaccounted covariates with a totally different meteorological signature controlled the υ d and F. It was speculated that, among other, biogenic volatile compounds (BVOCs) could have contributed to O 3 quenching in some (spring) months with severe drought stress.

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“…The fate (i.e., atmospheric lifetime) and effects of C and N from biomass burning depend on how they are distributed between gaseous and particulate phases and among various species. The dry deposition velocity of NH 3 , for instance, is at least 10 times that of NO x (Neirynck et al, 2007). N in NH 3 more likely remains close to where biomass burning occurs rather than being removed from the source region due to long-range transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture effects on carbon and nitrogen emission from burning of wildland biomass

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) released from biomass burning have multiple effects on the Earth's biogeochemical cycle, climate change, and ecosystem. These effects depend on the relative abundances of C and N species emitted, which vary with fuel type and combustion conditions. This study systematically investigates the emission characteristics of biomass burning under different fuel moisture contents, through controlled burning experiments with biomass and soil samples collected from a typical alpine forest in North America. Fuel moisture in general lowers combustion efficiency, shortens flaming phase, and introduces prolonged smoldering before ignition. It increases emission factors of incompletely oxidized C and N species, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia (NH 3 ). Substantial particulate carbon and nitrogen (up to 4 times C in CO and 75% of N in NH 3 ) were also generated from high-moisture fuels, maily associated with the pre-flame smoldering. This smoldering process emits particles that are larger and contain lower elemental carbon fractions than soot agglomerates commonly observed in flaming smoke. Hydrogen (H)/C ratio and optical properties of particulate matter from the highmoisture fuels show their resemblance to plant cellulous and brown carbon, respectively. These findings have implications for modeling biomass burning emissions and impacts.

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Fluxes of oxidised and reduced nitrogen above a mixed coniferous forest exposed to various nitrogen emission sources

Cited by 59 publications

References 53 publications

Increasing importance of deposition of reduced nitrogen in the United States

Increasing importance of deposition of reduced nitrogen in the United States

Variability of Ozone Deposition Velocity Over a Mixed Suburban Temperate Forest

Moisture effects on carbon and nitrogen emission from burning of wildland biomass

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