Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs): A review of communication architectures, and routing protocols

Khan, Muhammad Asghar; Safi, Alamgir; Qureshi, Ijaz Mansoor; Khan, Inam Ullah

doi:10.1109/intellect.2017.8277614

Cited by 158 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These exciting new opportunities for using various types of UAVs for wireless networking purposes have spawned numerous recent research activities in the area [7]- [15], [33]- [43]. These works also include a number of interesting surveys such as in [14], [15], [31], [33], [44]- [55].…”

Section: Relevant Surveys On Uavs and Our Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work in [44] introduced decentralized communication architectures for a multi-layer UAV ad hoc network. Furthermore, various routing protocols in flying ad-hoc networks are proposed along with open research problems.…”

Section: Relevant Surveys On Uavs and Our Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While these surveys address important UAV communication problems, as listed in Table II, they mainly limit their discussions to cases in which UAVs are used as relay stations in ad-hoc networks [14], [44]- [47], rather than fully fledged flying base stations or drone-UEs that can support complex ground networks, such as 5G cellular networks. Moreover, the surveys in [14], [15], [31], [33], [48]- [54] remain restricted to isolated UAV topics and use cases in wireless networking.…”

Section: Relevant Surveys On Uavs and Our Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Tutorial on UAVs for Wireless Networks: Applications, Challenges, and Open Problems

Mozaffari

Saad

Bennis

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

2,204

1,175

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The use of flying platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), popularly known as drones, is rapidly growing. In particular, with their inherent attributes such as mobility, flexibility, and adaptive altitude, UAVs admit several key potential applications in wireless systems. On the one hand, UAVs can be used as aerial base stations to enhance coverage, capacity, reliability, and energy efficiency of wireless networks. On the other hand, UAVs can operate as flying mobile terminals within a cellular network. Such cellular-connected UAVs can enable several applications ranging from real-time video streaming to item delivery. In this paper, a comprehensive tutorial on the potential benefits and applications of UAVs in wireless communications is presented. Moreover, the important challenges and the fundamental tradeoffs in UAV-enabled wireless networks are thoroughly investigated. In particular, the key UAV challenges such as three-dimensional deployment, performance analysis, channel modeling, and energy efficiency are explored along with representative results. Then, open problems and potential research directions pertaining to UAV communications are introduced. Finally, various analytical frameworks and mathematical tools such as optimization theory, machine learning, stochastic geometry, transport theory, and game theory are described. The use of such tools for addressing unique UAV problems is also presented. In a nutshell, this tutorial provides key guidelines on how to analyze, optimize, and design UAV-based wireless communication systems. arXiv:1803.00680v2 [cs.IT] 17 Mar 2019 particular, the work in [45] discussed the applications of flying ad-hoc networks, design considerations, communication protocols, and privacy aspects. In [46], a comprehensive review of UAV-based flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) and their challenges are provided. Moreover, several FANET design challenges in terms of mobility, node density, topology change, radio propagation model, and power consumption are investigated. The survey in [47] discussed the design challenges pertaining to the use of UAVs as relay nodes in flying adhoc networks. The work in [48] provided a comprehensive survey on the potential use of UAVs for supporting IoT services. In particular, key challenges and requirements for designing UAV-assisted IoT networks are discussed in [48]. In [49], the authors surveyed different mechanisms and protocols for developing airborne communication networks while considering low-altitude-platform communications, high-altitudeplatform communications, and integrated airborne communication systems. The survey in [50] studied the use of HAPs for broadband communications. Moreover, it described key advantages of HAPs compared to terrestrial and satellite networks, suitable HAP airships, frequency bands, and possible HAP-based network architectures. The authors in [51] studied the challenges and advantages associated with a multi-tier drone network architecture. Moreover, this work investigated the performance of a multi-tier drone...

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Section: Relevant Surveys On Uavs and Our Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relevant Surveys On Uavs and Our Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relevant Surveys On Uavs and Our Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Tutorial on UAVs for Wireless Networks: Applications, Challenges, and Open Problems

Mozaffari

Saad

Bennis

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

2,204

1,175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Routing protocols [1][2][3][4][5][6] have always been the core technology in various types of wired networks and wireless networks, and are also research hotspots. For the highly dynamic FANETs, the strong mobility of a node may easily lead to route breaks, which will trigger routing updates frequently, generate a large amount of control overhead in the network, cause route convergence difficulties, increase data forwarding delay, and increase packet loss rate, and even the routing protocol is invalid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimization routing protocol for FANETs

Hua

2019

J Wireless Com Network

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With the wide-ranging application of mobile ad hoc networks, flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) have received more and more attention from the industry. Routing technology is a key technology of ad hoc networks. The high-speed mobility of nodes poses a greater challenge to FANET routing technology. Based on the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol, the continuous Hopfield neural network is used to optimize the route to be adapted to the highspeed movement of the FANET node. In a simulation using NS3, the result shows that the optimized DSR protocol has greatly improved key indicators such as end-to-end average delay, throughput, and packet delivery ratio.

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“…Therefore, we explicitly focus on topology-based routing protocols in this article. These protocols are considered the most significant approach for solving the routing issues in FANETs [16]. Topology-based routing primarily aims to provide an optimal path between UAVs by reducing the control overhead.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Routing in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks Using Topology-Based Routing Protocols

Khan

Safi

et al. 2018

Drones

Self Cite

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Abstract:The ever-increasing demand for flexible and portable communications has led to a rapid evolution in networking between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) often referred to as flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs). However, due to the exclusive characteristics of UAVs such as high mobility, frequent topology change and 3D space movement, make routing a challenging task in FANETs. Due to these characteristics, designing new routing protocols for FANETs is quite difficult. In the literature study of FANETs, a variety of traditional ad-hoc networking protocols have been suggested and tested for FANETs to establish an efficient and robust communication among the UAVs. In this context, topology-based routing is considered the most significant approach for solving the routing issues in FANETs. Therefore, in this article we specifically focus on topology-based routing protocols with the aim of improving the efficiency of the network in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and network load. We present a brief review of the most important topology-based routing protocols in the context of FANETs. We provide them with their working features for exchanging information, along with the pros and cons of each protocol. Moreover, simulation analyses of some of the topology-based routing protocols are also evaluated in terms of end-to-end delay, throughput and network load the using optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) simulator. Furthermore, this work can be used as a source of reference for researchers and network engineers who seek literature that is relevant to routing in FANETs.

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Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs): A review of communication architectures, and routing protocols

Cited by 158 publications

References 42 publications

A Tutorial on UAVs for Wireless Networks: Applications, Challenges, and Open Problems

A Tutorial on UAVs for Wireless Networks: Applications, Challenges, and Open Problems

An optimization routing protocol for FANETs

Dynamic Routing in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks Using Topology-Based Routing Protocols

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