Focused ion beam (FIB)-induced changes in the electrochemical behavior of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes

Eifert, Alexander; Langenwalter, Philipp; Higl, J.; Lindén, Mika; Nebel, Christoph E.; Mizaikoff, Boris; Kranz, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.029

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Proposed fabrication processes are non-scalable and show low repeatability of fabricated structures [28]. Moreover, techniques like FIB or RIE defect diamond surface and provide co-doping by other species like gallium or fluorine influencing electrical and electrochemical properties [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond-coated MEMS probes

et al. 2016

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Fabrication processes of thin boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (B-NCD) films on silicon-based micro-and nano-electromechanical structures have been investigated. B-NCD films were deposited using microwave plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition method. The variation in B-NCD morphology, structure and optical parameters was particularly investigated. The use of truncated cone-shaped substrate holder enabled to grow thin fully encapsulated nanocrystalline diamond film with a thickness of approx. 60 nm and RMS roughness of 17 nm. Raman spectra present the typical boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond line recorded at 1148 cm -1 . Moreover, the change in mechanical parameters of silicon cantilevers over-coated with boron-doped diamond films was investigated with laser vibrometer. The increase of resonance to frequency of over-coated cantilever is attributed to the change in spring constant caused by B-NCD coating. Topography and electrical parameters of boron-doped diamond films were investigated by tapping mode AFM and electrical mode of AFM-Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). The crystallite-grain size was recorded at 153 and 238 nm for boron-doped film and undoped, respectively. Based on the contact potential difference data from the KPFM measurements, the work function of diamond layers was estimated. For the undoped diamond films, average CPD of 650 mV and for borondoped layer 155 mV were achieved. Based on CPD values, the values of work functions were calculated as 4.65 and 5.15 eV for doped and undoped diamond film, respectively. Boron doping increases the carrier density and the conductivity of the material and, consequently, the Fermi level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond-coated MEMS probes

et al. 2016

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“…The UD film shows a single diamond (sp 3 carbon bond) peak at approximately 1332 cm −1 , indicating a high degree of crystallinity and purity [46][47][48][49]. By contrast, the BDD film shows lower crystal quality and owns additional peaks at around 472 cm −1 and 1220 cm −1 , resulting from boron dopants incorporated into the lattice [50,51]. Additionally, the diamond characteristic peak (related to the sp 3 carbon bond) for BDD is downshifted to ∼1305 cm −1 , and considerably attenuated and broadened due to the boron doping [28,52,53].…”

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond thin films integrated with flexible substrates and their physical, chemical and biological characteristics

Xie¹,

Wang²,

Cheng³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Diamond has attracted tremendous attention in materials science and engineering, owing to its superior mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties. However, its applications in biomedical fields are constrained by its mechanical rigidity, high temperature fabrication and difficulties of integration with flexible platforms. In this paper, we develop a facile process to form large-area, freestanding diamond thin films and combine them with optoelectronic devices on flexible substrates. Obtained undoped diamond (UD) and boron doped diamond (BDD) films are comprehensively investigated, in terms of their structural, morphological, optical and electrochemical characteristics. On flexible substrates, electrically conductive BDD films are employed as an electrochemical sensor for dopamine detection in aqueous solutions, while optically transparent and thermally conductive UD films can effectively promote heat dissipation of microscale light-emitting diodes. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity study demonstrates the desirable biocompatibility of these diamond films. The presented techniques remove barriers in the manufacturing and heterogeneous integration of freestanding thin-film diamond materials, and provide promising paths to their broad applications in flexible biointegrated systems.

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“…All solutions were prepared with Elga high purity water (Elga Labwater; VWS Deutschland GmbH, Celle, Germany). Electrochemical experiments were performed using a potentiostat (CHI 660c; CHInstruments, Inc., Austin, TX, USA) in combination with a customized liquid cell . An Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) electrode was used as reference electrode and a platinum wire (diameter 1 mm) served as auxiliary electrode in the three‐electrode setup.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Determination of Sulphur‐containing Pharmaceuticals Using Boron‐doped Diamond Electrodes

et al. 2016

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N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and gentamicin sulfate (GS) are biologically and pharmaceutically relevant thiol‐containing compounds. NAC is well known for its antioxidant properties, whereas GS is an aminoglycoside that is used as a broadband antibiotic. Both pharmaceuticals play a significant role in the treatment of bacterial infections by suppressing the formation of biofilms. According to the European Pharmacopeia protocol, GS is analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using gold electrodes for electrochemical detection. Here, we report the electrochemical detection of these compounds at NH2‐terminated boron‐doped diamond electrodes, which show significantly reduced electrode passivation, an issue commonly known for gold electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry experiments performed for a period of 70 minutes showed that the peak current decreased only by 1.6 %/7.4 % for the two peak currents recorded for GS, and 6.6 % for the oxidation peak of NAC, whereas at gold electrodes a decrease in peak current of 14.2 % was observed for GS, and of 64 %/30 % for the two peak currents of NAC. For their quantitative determination, differential pulse voltammetry was performed in a concentration range of 2–49 µg/mL of NAC with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.527 µg/mL, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.624 µg/mL, respectively. The quantification of GS in a concentration range of 0.2–50 µg/mL resulted in a LOD of 1.714 µg/mL, and a LOQ of 6.420 µg/mL, respectively.

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Focused ion beam (FIB)-induced changes in the electrochemical behavior of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Fabrication and characterization of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond-coated MEMS probes

Fabrication and characterization of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond-coated MEMS probes

Diamond thin films integrated with flexible substrates and their physical, chemical and biological characteristics

Electrochemical Determination of Sulphur‐containing Pharmaceuticals Using Boron‐doped Diamond Electrodes

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