Folate receptor-targeting mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorod nanoparticles for the synergistic photothermal therapy and chemotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis
Abstract:The use of targeted nanoparticles MTX-FAGMs in combined NIR-induced PTT and traditional chemotherapy has potential as a desirable nanopharmaceuticals platform for the treatment of RA.
“…A nanoscale drug delivery system using AuNRs as a photothermal agent and mesoporous silica shell as the methotrexate storage body exhibits good photothermal conversion efficiency with specifically targeted cytotoxicity against activated macrophages under NIR laser irradiation. Local irradiation-induced hyperthermia ensures that AuNRs-PTT can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis with chemotherapy synergistically [ 122 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Aunrs Photothermal Treatment Of Inflammatory Diseases; Killi...mentioning
Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are ideal inorganic nanophotothermal agents with unique characteristics, including local surface plasmon resonance effects, easy scale preparation and functional modification, and good biocompatibility. This review summarizes several recent advances in AuNRs-based photothermal therapy (PTT) research. Functionalized AuNRs photothermal agents have optimized biocompatibility and targeting properties. The multifunctional AuNRs nanoplatform composite structure meets the requirements for synergistic effects of PTT, photoacoustic imaging, and other therapeutic methods. Photothermal therapy with AuNRs (AuNRs-PTT) is widely used to treat tumors and inflammatory diseases; its tumor-targeting, tumor metastasis inhibition, and photothermal tumor ablation abilities have remarkable curative effects. An in-depth study of AuNRs in living systems and the interactions between biological structure, nanomaterial, and near-infrared irradiation could lay the foundation for further clinical research and the broad application of AuNRs in PTT.
“…A nanoscale drug delivery system using AuNRs as a photothermal agent and mesoporous silica shell as the methotrexate storage body exhibits good photothermal conversion efficiency with specifically targeted cytotoxicity against activated macrophages under NIR laser irradiation. Local irradiation-induced hyperthermia ensures that AuNRs-PTT can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis with chemotherapy synergistically [ 122 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Aunrs Photothermal Treatment Of Inflammatory Diseases; Killi...mentioning
Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are ideal inorganic nanophotothermal agents with unique characteristics, including local surface plasmon resonance effects, easy scale preparation and functional modification, and good biocompatibility. This review summarizes several recent advances in AuNRs-based photothermal therapy (PTT) research. Functionalized AuNRs photothermal agents have optimized biocompatibility and targeting properties. The multifunctional AuNRs nanoplatform composite structure meets the requirements for synergistic effects of PTT, photoacoustic imaging, and other therapeutic methods. Photothermal therapy with AuNRs (AuNRs-PTT) is widely used to treat tumors and inflammatory diseases; its tumor-targeting, tumor metastasis inhibition, and photothermal tumor ablation abilities have remarkable curative effects. An in-depth study of AuNRs in living systems and the interactions between biological structure, nanomaterial, and near-infrared irradiation could lay the foundation for further clinical research and the broad application of AuNRs in PTT.
“…Jiang et al combined PHIS with mesoporous silica (mSiO 2 )-wrapped GNRs as known as GNRs/ mSiO 2 . Because mSiO 2 provides a specific area on the surface sufficient for drug loading, GNRs/mSiO 2 have been developed previously for the combination of chemotherapy and PTT (Guo et al, 2020;Guo et al, 2021;Li et al, 2021). The acid response release characteristics of this material can be attributed to the protonation of PHIS under acidic conditions.…”
Section: Drug Release With Ph/nir Dual Responsementioning
Cancer is a life-threatening disease, and there is a significant need for novel technologies to treat cancer with an effective outcome and low toxicity. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a noninvasive therapeutic tool that transports nanomaterials into tumors, absorbing light energy and converting it into heat, thus killing tumor cells. Gold nanorods (GNRs) have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to their unique optical and electronic properties and potential applications in biological imaging, molecular detection, and drug delivery, especially in the PTT of cancer and other diseases. This review summarizes the recent progress in the synthesis methods and surface functionalization of GNRs for PTT. The current major synthetic methods of GNRs and recently improved measures to reduce toxicity, increase yield, and control particle size and shape are first introduced, followed by various surface functionalization approaches to construct a controlled drug release system, increase cell uptake, and improve pharmacokinetics and tumor-targeting effect, thus enhancing the photothermal effect of killing the tumor. Finally, a brief outlook for the future development of GNRs modification and functionalization in PTT is proposed.
“…Near-infrared (NIR) responsive photothermal therapy (PTT) is viewed as a minimally invasive and efficient treatment approach for tumor management. − Extensive studies on PTT have been conducted using different types of materials, including metal nanomaterials (gold, platinum), , carbon-based nanomaterials, , semiconductor nanomaterials (copper), and conducting polymers. , Gold-based plasmonic nanomaterials have received the most attention for PTT because of their tunable physical and optical properties . Gold nanorods, , nanocages, , nanoshells, − nanostars, , and nanorods , are reported to be effective PTT agents that minimize the potential for undesirable side effects. ,, …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…9,10 Gold-based plasmonic nanomaterials have received the most attention for PTT because of their tunable physical and optical properties. 11 Gold nanorods, 12,13 nanocages, 14,15 nanoshells, 16−19 nanostars, 20,21 and nanorods 22,23 are reported to be effective PTT agents that minimize the potential for undesirable side effects. 12,15,24 Cellular inhibition caused by PTT is a result of intracellular heating that can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…11 Gold nanorods, 12,13 nanocages, 14,15 nanoshells, 16−19 nanostars, 20,21 and nanorods 22,23 are reported to be effective PTT agents that minimize the potential for undesirable side effects. 12,15,24 Cellular inhibition caused by PTT is a result of intracellular heating that can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 25,26 ROS are highly reactive chemical species that play important roles in modulating cell signaling, differentiation, and death as well as tissue inflammation.…”
Core/shell gold "raspberry" nanostructures capable of multiple therapeutic functionalities were synthesized using a template composed of monodispersed anionic protein (bovine serum albumin) nanoparticles coated with a cationic biopolymer (poly-L-lysine). The nanostructures exhibited high photothermal conversion efficiency when exposed to a near-infrared (NIR) laser, which led to significant cellular inhibition of A549 human lung cancer cells due to intracellular hyperthermia. The raspberry structures also provided hot spots for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) ratiometric sensing of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) when modified with the Raman reporter molecule 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP). ROS was detected in A549 lung cancer cells upon photothermal heating of internalized nanostructures, enabling a possible mechanism for feedback on therapeutic efficacy. This was confirmed by adding the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and using a complementary fluorescence technique, which showed that the amount of detectable intracellular ROS decreased. These safe-by-design gold raspberry nanostructures could be promising for simultaneous therapeutic applications and monitoring therapeutic efficacy.
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