Follow-up of the antihemolytic effect of toluene inhalation in rats

Korpela, M.; Tähti, Hanna

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(84)90217-0

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The lack of correlation between MCV and osmotic fragility in both in vivo and in vitro exposures supports the data of Korpela and Tähti (1984) indicating that the anti-haemolytic effect is not mediated by rising MCV. Byproducts of lipid peroxidation have been shown to cause extreme alterations in the structural organization and functions of the cell membrane including decreased membrane fluidity, increased membrane permeability, inactivation of membrane-bound enzymes and loss of essential fatty acids (Ginkel and Sevanian, 1994).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

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Effect of toluene on erythrocyte membrane stability under in vivo and in vitro conditions with assessment of oxidant/antioxidant status

et al. 2009

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Toluene, an organic solvent used widely in the industry, is highly lipophilic and accumulates in the cell membrane impeding transport through it. Its metabolites cause oxygen radical formation that react with unsaturated fatty acids and proteins in erythrocytes leading to lipid peroxidation and protein breakdown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the membrane stabilizing and the oxidative stress-inducing effects of toluene in human erythrocytes. Measurements of osmotic fragility, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities were performed simultaneously both in individuals exposed to toluene professionally (in vivo) and human erythrocytes treated with toluene (in vitro). To measure osmotic fragility, erythrocytes were placed in NaCl solutions at various concentrations (0.1% [blank], 0.38%, 0.40%, 0.42%, 0.44%, 0.46%, 0.48% and 1% [stock]). Percentage of haemolysis in each solution was calculated with respect to the 100% haemolysis in the blank solution. The erythrocyte packs prepared at the day of the above-mentioned measurements were kept at -80 degrees C until the time for determination of malonyldialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels, and catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase activities as indicators of oxidative stress. Toluene increased oxidative stress parameters significantly both in vivo and in vitro; it also caused a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Osmotic fragility was altered only in the case of in vitro exposure. In conclusion, toluene exposure resulted in increased lipid peroxidation and protein damage both in vivo and in vitro. Although, it is natural to expect increased osmotic fragility due to oxidative properties of toluene, its membrane-stabilizing effect overcame the oxidative properties leading to decreased osmotic fragility or preventing its deterioration in vitro and in vivo toluene exposures, respectively, in the present study.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…However, only in vitro exposure results in an anti-haemolytic effect, which may be explained by reversible membrane stabilizing property of toluene. On the other hand, Korpela and Tähti (1984) found increased haemolytic resistance of rat erythrocytes in hypotonic media both in vivo inhalational and in vitro exposure to toluene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of toluene on erythrocyte membrane stability under in vivo and in vitro conditions with assessment of oxidant/antioxidant status

et al. 2009

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“…However, microscopic examinations did not reveal any histopathological changes in the spleens of this treatment group. Korpela and Tahti (1984) reported that red blood cells from rats exposed to 2000 ppm toluene vapor for seven days had increased resistance to lysis. It is therefore possible that the red blood cells in males exposed to high-dose toluene/methanol may be more resistant to lysis, and an enlargement of the spleen results from an expansion of the sinus area to enable the destruction of these older but more resistant red blood cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These adverse effects included increased liver and kidney weight and nephropathy (NTP, 1990), reduced hematocrit levels (CIIT, 1980), inflammation of the respiratory tract (NTP, 1990), alteration in brain weights (Kyrklund et al, 1987;NTP, 1990), alterations in neurotransmitter levels (Ikeda et al, 1986) and various neurological effects (Pryor et al, 1984). In short-term inhalation studies, increased liver weights were observed at 800 ppm (Ungvary et al, 1982) and increased resistance of red blood cells to lysis was detected at 2000 ppm (Korpela and Tahti, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Inhalation Toxicity Study of Methanol, Toluene, and Methanol/Toluene Mixtures in Rats: Effects of 28-Day Exposure

et al. 1994

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The inhalation toxicity of methanol and toluene was investigated in rats. Young Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes were exposed to vapors of methanol (300 ppm, 3000 ppm), toluene (30 ppm, 300 ppm) or methanol/toluene (300/30 ppm, 300/300 ppm, 3000/30 ppm, and 3000/300 ppm) six hrs per day, five days/week for four weeks. Control animals inhaled air only. Increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in males exposed to high-dose toluene, and decreased creatinine was noted in the group exposed to high-dose methanol/toluene. The thyroid gland in females appeared to be a target organ for inhaled methanol, toluene, and methanol/toluene, although the changes were confined to a mild, and occasionally moderate, reduction in follicle size. Histopathological changes of the nasal passages, consisting of subepithelial nonsuppurative inflammation, occurred in higher incidences in rats exposed to methanol/toluene than in those exposed to the individual vapors. Inhalation of methanol, toluene, or methanol/toluene produced no changes in liver weights, hepatic mixed-function oxidases, or serum aspartate transaminase activities, and onlly minimal changes in liver histopathology. The only liver changes were decreased liver weight and increased cytoplasmic density of the periportal areas in females exposed to high-dose methanol/toluene. These data indicated that exposure to methanol, toluene, or a mixture of both produced mild biochemical effects and histological changes in the thyroid and nasal passage. No apparent interactive effects were observed.

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“…concentration of toluene. We have earlier shown that toluene also has a reversible antihaemolytic effect on erythrocyte membrane after a 2-hour inhalation exposure (Korpela & Tahti 1984). The subanaesthetic concentration of 2000 p.p.m.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Effect of in Vitro and in Vivo Toluene Exposure on Rat Erythrocyte and Synaptosome Membrane Integral Enzymes

Korpela¹,

Tähti²

1988

Pharmacology & Toxicology

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The mechanism of the anaesthetic effect of toluene on the central nervous system (CNS) was studied by using rat erythrocyte and synaptosome membranes as nerve cell models both in vitro and in vivo. The activities of the membrane-bound integral enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), total adenosine triphosphatase (total ATPase) and magnesium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2+-ATPase) were determined. A short-term exposure to 2000 p.p.m. of toluene had an inhibitory effect on the enzyme activities studied. The degree of inhibition in erythrocyte membranes in vitro and in vivo, and in synaptosome membranes in vitro were in good correlation. In in vivo conditions, the synaptosome-bound enzymes were, however, significantly more inhibited by toluene, which indicates that membranes in vivo are even more vulnerable to the toxic effects of organic solvents than they are as isolated membranes in vitro. However, our results show that in vitro experiments can be used to predict the toxic nerve cell membrane effects of organic solvents. Toluene caused similar enzyme inhibitions both in neural cell membranes and in erythrocyte membranes. Thus, even peripheral non-excitable cell membranes, like erythrocytes, can be used as nerve cell membrane models in studies on the mechanism of the anaesthesia caused by solvents.

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Follow-up of the antihemolytic effect of toluene inhalation in rats

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of toluene on erythrocyte membrane stability under in vivo and in vitro conditions with assessment of oxidant/antioxidant status

Effect of toluene on erythrocyte membrane stability under in vivo and in vitro conditions with assessment of oxidant/antioxidant status

Inhalation Toxicity Study of Methanol, Toluene, and Methanol/Toluene Mixtures in Rats: Effects of 28-Day Exposure

The Effect of in Vitro and in Vivo Toluene Exposure on Rat Erythrocyte and Synaptosome Membrane Integral Enzymes

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