Foot Massage Modification to Reduce Blood Pressure in Pregnant Woman with Preeclampsia

Abstract

The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Indonesia remains high, including in West Java province. One of the MMR causes is preeclampsia (24%). Currently, the management of preeclampsia is focused on pharmacological therapy. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure. Some studies revealed that non-pharmacological therapy was effective in dealing high blood pressure including foot massage. Foot message has benefits both physiologically and psychologically. However limited study applied this massage among pregnant women with preeclamsia. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of as a complementary therapy: foot massage to reduce of blood pressure among pregnant women with preeclampsia. The study applied quasi experimental design with time series approach. The samples were chosen using consecutive sampling technique. This study involved 30 pregnant women with preeclampsia. There were two steps of data collection. First, respondents' blood pressure was measured by researchers without any interventions for 6 days. Second, the 7th -12th respondents had 20 minutes message, and observed blood pressure at the first minute before massage (pr-etest), and the 30th minutes after massage (post-test). Data were analyzed using Friedman Test. The result showed that there were no significant differences of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure between pre-test and post-test (p> 0.05) in control period. Whereas, in the treatment period showed that there were a significant differences of mean systolic blood pressure between pre-test and post-test on the seventh day until twelfth day (p < 0.05). While, the significantly differences in mean of diastolic blood pressure between pre-test and post-test were present during the eighth until twelfth in treatment period (p < 0.05). This study revealed that there were significant differences in decreasing of blood pressure among pregnant women with preeclampsia after treatment by foot massage. The foot massage techniques can be used as one of the interventions to lower blood pressure in pregnant women with preeclampsia, however further research is needed to support the evidence based for nursing intervention especially in complementary therapies.

The effect of classical foot massage on insomnia and anxiety in preeclamptic pregnant women: a randomized controlled study

“…Study results were discussed within the framework of the results of other studies on the effect of foot massage applied to groups of women with insomnia and anxiety. These findings are consistent with other studies in which insomnia and anxiety levels are reduced after classical foot massage intervention 19 , 20 , 21 , 31 , 32 . Classical foot massage was shown to be effective in decreasing insomnia and anxiety levels.…”

Effect of Foot Refelexology on Preeclampsia

“…Findings of this study aligned with ELShamy and ELSaftey, [13] who found that 30-minute foot reflexology session twice a week for four weeks can reduce blood pressure and improve quality of life of patients with hypertension at Mansoura university hospitals. Also, our findings agreed with Ermiati et al, [24] who demonstrated that, the foot reflexology for 20 minutes daily for one week can reduce blood pressure in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Additionally, EL-Abd et al, [25] found that, foot reflexology for 30 min for 3 months has a significant decrease on blood pressure and heart rate & improve quality of life in individuals suffering from essential hypertension.…”

Risk Factors of Maternal Nutrition Status During Pregnancy to Stunting in Toddlers Aged 12-59 Months

“…There are two main factors causing stunting: the mother's condition and factors due to the child's condition (Rahayuwati et al, 2019;Ermiati, Setyawati, A & emaliyawati, E, 2018). Maternal factors that cause stunting include malnutrition in pregnant women, lack of maternal health during pregnancy, closely spaced pregnancy, and teenage mothers (Budijanto, 2018).…”