Foot Print of Macro Fungi in The Coastal Forest of Bama, Baluran National Park, East Java

Abstract

Baluran National Park, West Java, as one of the conservation sites in Indonesia, has the attraction of the varied types of ecosystems, including fungi. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of fungi in Bama Coastal Forest, Baluran National Park. The method was explorative with plot purposive sampling technique. Parameters in this study include abundance, dominance, and diversity of fungi enriched with physical parameters of humidity and temperature. The fungi were documented and macroscopically observed. Data were analyzed using the abundance index, dominance index, and diversity index. This research identified 18 types of macrofungi in Bama Coastal forest, Baluran National Park East Java including Ganoderma, sp, Hexagonia tenuis, Trametes hirsute, Phellinus sp.1 and sp.2, Ganoderma applanatum, Phellinus igniarius, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Daedalea quercina, Tyromyces chioneus, Microporus xanthopus, Calvatia sp., Irpex lacteus, Trichaptum sp., Lentinus sp. Poria corticola, Tyromyces sp., and Lichemomphalia sp. One fungi species (Ganoderma sp.) has the highest abundance index (27.62). The Medium abundance index was found in three species (Hexagonia tenuis, Tyromyces chioneus, Tyromyces sp.) while the rest fungi were in low abundance index. Dominance index of all fungi species identified in Bama was in low category (D<0.5) with medium diversity (2.30). It can be concluded that the diversity of microfungi in the coastal forest of Bama, Baluran National park was a distribution medium of individual of each species and medium community stability. Environmental conditions in the Bama Coast Forest with 93% humidity and an average air temperature of 26-27oC could support for the fungi to grow quite well.

Biocompatible formulations based on mycosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles: Fabrication, characterization, and biological investigation

“…Highest activity was achieved at high concentration of sample (400 µg/ml). It is due to biomolecules present on the surface of IONPs, which prevent damaging and destructive effect of free radicals [24].…”

“…The metallic oxide NPs based on Daedalea have much economic importance due to which they can be used for biomedical treatments of diseases and different agents like anticancer [23]. Daedalea is a healthy fresh food cultivated on organic substrates and grown naturally in Pakistan and worldwide [24]. Using different plant parts is the easiest, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable way to synthesize surface functionalized NPs.…”

Wild Mushroom (Ganoderma multipileum) as Biosource for Zinc oxide Nanoparticles: From Synthesis to Enhance Biological Applications

“…Mycosynthesized ZnONPs showed the presence of 12 bands at 3243. 24 ., The band at 3243.24 cm -1 has been identified as O-H stretching (alcohols, phenols, aromatic primary amines a broad, strong band) of alcohol present in mushrooms. The peak at 1024.05cm has been identified as the C-N bond of the existence of primary amine in the protein [22].The peak at 1547.41 cm -1 (N-O stretching) confirms the strong (-NO3) ions from the metal precursor used in this process and the weak bond at 1411.73 cm -1 was due to out of plane bending vibration of the O-H group and indicates the attachment of carboxylic acid.…”

“…The nanoparticles that were agglomerate can be seen in the SEM image due to the presence of sticky wild mushroom extract over the surface of ZnONPs as a capping and stabilizing agent. The agglomeration can be removed with the addition of surfactant, but it will lead to the loss of potential characteristics of nanoparticles [24]. EDX analysis of zinc oxide nanoparticles give information about purity and elemental composition of fabricated NPs.…”