Foraging Substrate and Escape Substrate: Patch Use by Three Species of Gerbils

Kotler, Burt P.; Brown, Joel S.; Oldfield, A.; Thorson, James M.; Cohen, D.

doi:10.2307/2679818

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Although we did not evaluate cover quantity and quality, or substrate quality, our results, that a combination of cover and substrate may result in crop habitat preference by seed predators, are generally supported by the findings of others (Meyer & Valone, 1999; Kotler et al. , 2001; Mandelik et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Over‐winter predation of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi seeds in arable land

et al. 2009

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Summary To improve understanding of over‐winter weed seed predation in arable fields, we used data from winter exclosure trials to determine the amount of predation and the influence of crop habitats on predation of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi seed in 2‐year (maize/soyabean) and 4‐year (maize/soyabean/small grain+lucerne/lucerne) crop rotation systems between 2005 and 2008. Crop habitat influenced seed predation, and had similar impacts on the two weed species. Mean A. theophrasti predation ranged from 31% in the 2‐year soyabean habitat to 99% in the 4‐year lucerne habitat. Mean S. faberi predation ranged from 31% in the 2‐year soyabean habitat to 97% in the 4‐year lucerne habitat. Results suggest that a combination or interaction of cover and substrate may have affected crop habitat preference by seed predators. Future research should further examine the influence of physical habitat on seed predation to determine characteristics of cropping systems that encourage predation, particularly during over‐winter periods, so as to routinely incorporate seed predators into long‐term weed management strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Over‐winter predation of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi seeds in arable land

et al. 2009

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“…One popular approach to consider behavioral responses to predation risk, in contrast, employs comparative techniques encompassing numerous species and higher-level taxa (Hill & Lee, 1998;Ebensberger, 2001;Beauchamp, 1999). Many workers now question the utility of broad comparative analyses to enhance fundamental knowledge of the behavioral consequences of predation risk (Lingle, 2001;Brashares et al, 2000;Boinski & Chapman, 1995;Boinski et al, 2000;Hilton et al, 1999;Clutton-Brock et al, 1999;Kotler et al, 2001). These latter researchers advocate species-level studies that test explicit hypotheses from observations and experiments in the eld and laboratory.…”

Section: Bene Ts From Species-level Analyses Of Predationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Mechanical Characteristics of Inverter-induction Motor Drive System

Sarhan¹,

Issa²

2006

American J. of Applied Sciences

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An inverter-three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor drive system with improved mechanical characteristics is presented. The proposed system provides mechanical characteristics with constant maximum torque or increased maximum torque and reduced slip speed at frequencies below the nominal frequency. The control algorithm is based on the constant volts per hertz principle using two improvement techniques: keeping maximum torque constant or keeping magnetic flux constant. Performance analysis of the system under different operation conditions was provided. For this purpose, a standard state-space model of three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor, with respect to a synchronously rotating d-q reference frame was derived. The correctness and validity of the derived model of induction motor was verified. The inverter was considered as a static linear element and modeled through its input-output equation based on the modulation index. Three types of controllers were modeled, simulated and experimentally tested. The results show that both suggested control methods improve the system performance. The slip speed has been decreased and the starting torque and maximum torque have been increased. Controller with constant maximum torque can be used in drive systems working with constant load, while controller with constant flux can be used in drive systems working with constant power

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“…; Vásquez ), and the predator's speed, distance from the prey's current location, how it hunts (i.e., aerial vs. terrestrial, ambush vs. pursuit), when it hunts (i.e., nocturnal vs. diurnal; Ydenberg and Dill ), and characteristics of escape terrain and substrate (Kotler et al. ). Because of trade‐offs in concealment and the ability to visually detect predators (Camp et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of food patches by sympatric herbivores in response to concealment and distance from a refuge

Crowell

Shipley

Camp

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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SummarySmall herbivores face risks of predation while foraging and are often forced to trade off food quality for safety. Life history, behaviour, and habitat of predator and prey can influence these trade‐offs. We compared how two sympatric rabbits (pygmy rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis; mountain cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii) that differ in size, use of burrows, and habitat specialization in the sagebrush‐steppe of western North America respond to amount and orientation of concealment cover and proximity to burrow refuges when selecting food patches. We predicted that both rabbit species would prefer food patches that offered greater concealment and food patches that were closer to burrow refuges. However, because pygmy rabbits are small, obligate burrowers that are restricted to sagebrush habitats, we predicted that they would show stronger preferences for greater cover, orientation of concealment, and patches closer to burrow refuges. We offered two food patches to individuals of each species during three experiments that either varied in the amount of concealment cover, orientation of concealment cover, or distance from a burrow refuge. Both species preferred food patches that offered greater concealment, but pygmy rabbits generally preferred terrestrial and mountain cottontails preferred aerial concealment. Only pygmy rabbits preferred food patches closer to their burrow refuge. Different responses to concealment and proximity to burrow refuges by the two species likely reflect differences in perceived predation risks. Because terrestrial predators are able to dig for prey in burrows, animals like pygmy rabbits that rely on burrow refuges might select food patches based more on terrestrial concealment. In contrast, larger habitat generalists that do not rely on burrow refuges, like mountain cottontails, might trade off terrestrial concealment for visibility to detect approaching terrestrial predators. This study suggests that body size and evolutionary adaptations for using habitat, even in closely related species, might influence anti‐predator behaviors in prey species.

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Foraging Substrate and Escape Substrate: Patch Use by Three Species of Gerbils

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Over‐winter predation of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi seeds in arable land

Over‐winter predation of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi seeds in arable land

Improving Mechanical Characteristics of Inverter-induction Motor Drive System

Selection of food patches by sympatric herbivores in response to concealment and distance from a refuge

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