Forced Convective Boiling in a Vertical Annular Test Section With Seawater Coolant

Abstract

In case of some nuclear reactors, seawater is used as an emergency resource to remove the decay heat from the reactor core. This study aims to improve the understanding of boiling heat transfer with seawater coolants. Under the boiling conditions with seawater, the mass transfer of the dissolved impurities to the heated surface is expected to significantly impact the heat transfer characteristics. The focus of this experimental work is to measure the differences of the heat transfer performance between seawater and tapwater with electrically heated cylindrical section in a vertical annulus. High speed visualization is performed to quantify and characterize the bubble dynamics parameters. The experimental results indicate an enhanced heat transfer coefficient with seawater in the initial transient under saturated boiling followed by an asymptotic reduction to values similar to tapwater. Under subcooled boiling, a consistent reduced heat transfer coefficient was observed in seawater for a range of heat fluxes. The high speed visualization of subcooled boiling showed fewer and smaller bubbles nucleating off the heat transfer surface in seawater indicating a lower evaporative flux as compared to tapwater.

X-ray Imaging-Based Void Fraction Measurement in Saturated Flow Boiling Experiments with Seawater Coolant

“…Void fraction and pressure drop measurements are obtained to understand the differences in saturated flow boiling characteristics between seawater and normal water cooled experiments. Previously, natural circulation and sub-cooled boiling studies were conducted using the same artificial seawater coolant [7,8]. Our motivation for the current, more controlled and X-ray monitored saturated flow boiling study was prompted by the two-phase flow differences observed that can be attributed to hydrodynamic and thermodynamic differences in seawater and tap water flow boiling characteristics.…”