Forensic Aspects of Pediatric Fractures

Bilo, Rob A. C.; Robben, Simon G. F.; Rijn, Rick R. van

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78716-7

Cited by 55 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Apart from the macroscopic and radiological scrutiny, few paleopathological studies have applied histological techniques to characterize different types of injury lesions [38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45] or to understand the timings of posttraumatic healing [46,47,48,49]. The results of this exploratory investigation showed that gross inspection may be insufficient to describe and characterize trauma lesions or to understand the biology of disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Below the Callus Surface: Applying Paleohistological Techniques to Understand the Biology of Bone Healing in Skeletonized Human Remains

Assis

Keenleyside

2016

Pathobiology

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Objectives: Bone trauma is a common occurrence in human skeletal remains. Macroscopic and imaging scrutiny is the approach most currently used to analyze and describe trauma. Nevertheless, this line of inquiry may not be sufficient to accurately identify the type of traumatic lesion and the associated degree of bone healing. To test the usefulness of histology in the examination of bone healing biology, we used an integrative approach that combines gross inspection and microscopy. Materials and Methods: Six bone samples belonging to 5 adult individuals with signs of bone trauma were collected from the Human Identified Skeletal Collection from the Museu Bocage (Lisbon, Portugal). Previous to sampling, the lesions were described according to their location, morphology, and healing status. After sampling, the bone specimens were prepared for plane light and polarized light analysis. Results: The histological analysis was pivotal: (1) to differentiate between types of traumatic lesions; (2) to ascertain the posttraumatic interval, and (3) to diagnose other associated pathological conditions. Conclusion: The outer surface of a bone lesion may not give a complete picture of the biology of the tissue's response. Accordingly, microscopic analysis is essential to differentiate, characterize, and classify trauma signs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Below the Callus Surface: Applying Paleohistological Techniques to Understand the Biology of Bone Healing in Skeletonized Human Remains

Assis

Keenleyside

2016

Pathobiology

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“…Skeletal injuries may result in otherwise clinically normal infants because of a traumatic delivery such as a breech birth (Bilo et al, ). The most prevalent fracture related to birth trauma are clavicular fractures with an incidence of 0.2–4.4% of neonates (Collins and Reed, ).…”

Section: Skeletal Recognition Of Physical Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of femoral fractures owing to birth trauma is 0.13 in 1,000 live births (Morris et al, 2002). The most common type of fracture was a spiral fracture of the proximal femur associated with twin births, birth with forceps, breech birth, premature births, and Cesarean delivery (Bilo et al, 2010). However, Collins and Reed (2014) Adapted from Kleinman (1998) and Abel (2011). reported that midshaft femoral fractures are most common in perinates.…”

Section: Birth Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal and radiological manifestations of child abuse: Implications for study in past populations

Ross

Juarez

2016

Clinical Anatomy

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Child abuse in its various types such as physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect has been document throughout history. However, before the mid-20th century, inflicted injuries to children was overlooked in part because children were often viewed as property. According to the World Health Organization, 57,000 children were the victims of homicide in the year 2000. In this paper we present the skeletal and radiological manifestation of physical abuse and fatal neglect and provide recommendations to assess child maltreatment from past populations. Pediatric biomechanical factors and healing are discussed as it is important to keep in mind that children are not just small adults. Skeletal and radiological indicators of nonaccidental or inflicted injuries are reviewed from the literature. Inflicted injuries are presented based on specificity to identify child abuse. In addition, skeletal indicators that could help assess fatal starvation are also reviewed and metabolic diseases are proposed as potential evidence of neglect. A recent child homicide is presented and used to illustrate the difficulty in assessing child maltreatment. Present-day clinical child abuse protocols are used to provide recommendations to assess child abuse in a bioarchaeological context. Clin. Anat. 29:844-853, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Therefore histology is useful to differentiate between bone lesions that were sustained prior to death and lesions that are the effect of post-mortem damage. Also, experimental and clinical studies have shown that the bone tissue response after fracture or amputation follows a time-dependent sequence (Bilo et al, 2010). Therefore specific healing features can be used to determine the minimum amount of time elapsed between the trauma and eventual death (i.e., the "posttraumatic survival time").…”

Section: Mechanical Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic dry bone histology in human paleopathology

Boer

Merwe

2016

Clinical Anatomy

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Paleopathology is the study of trauma and disease as may be observed in ancient (human) remains. In contrast to its central role in current medical practice, microscopy plays a rather modest role in paleopathology. This is at least partially due to the differences between fresh and decomposed (i.e., skeletonized or "dry bone") tissue samples. This review discusses these differences and describes how they affect the histological analysis of paleopathological specimens. First, we provide a summary of some general challenges related to the histological analysis of palaeopathological specimens. Second, the reader is introduced in bone tissue histology and bone tissue dynamics. The remainder of the paper is dedicated to the diagnostic value of dry bone histology. Its value and limitations are illustrated by comparing several well-studied paleopathological cases with similar contemporary, clinical cases. This review illustrates that due to post-mortem loss of soft tissue, a limited number of disorders display pathognomonic features during histological analysis of skeletonized human remains. In the remainder of cases, histology may help to narrow down the differential diagnosis or is diagnostically unspecific. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary diagnostic approach therefore remains essential. Clin. Anat. 29:831-843, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Forensic Aspects of Pediatric Fractures

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Below the Callus Surface: Applying Paleohistological Techniques to Understand the Biology of Bone Healing in Skeletonized Human Remains

Below the Callus Surface: Applying Paleohistological Techniques to Understand the Biology of Bone Healing in Skeletonized Human Remains

Skeletal and radiological manifestations of child abuse: Implications for study in past populations

Diagnostic dry bone histology in human paleopathology

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