Forest ecosystem recovery in the southeast US: soil ecology as an essential component of ecosystem management

Johnston, John M.; Crossley, D. A.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00558-8

Cited by 65 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Great efforts have determined the rate of physical sea level rise; however the potential chemical effects remain much less understood. In certain areas, such as the southeastern United States, wetland sediments are high in iron [Johnston and Crossley, 2002]. This iron has the potential to buffer the wetland against the sulfidic effects of sea level rise.…”

Section: 1002/2014jg002739mentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron clad wetlands: Soil iron‐sulfur buffering determines coastal wetland response to salt water incursion

2014

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Coastal freshwater wetland chemistry is rapidly changing due to increased frequency of salt water incursion, a consequence of global change. Seasonal salt water incursion introduces sulfate, which microbially reduces to sulfide. Sulfide binds with reduced iron, producing iron sulfide (FeS), recognizable in wetland soils by its characteristic black color. The objective of this study is to document iron and sulfate reduction rates, as well as product formation (acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and chromium reducible sulfide (CRS)) in a coastal freshwater wetland undergoing seasonal salt water incursion. Understanding iron and sulfur cycling, as well as their reduction products, allows us to calculate the degree of sulfidization (DOS), from which we can estimate how long soil iron will buffer against chemical effects of sea level rise. We show that soil chloride, a direct indicator of the degree of incursion, best predicted iron and sulfate reduction rates. Correlations between soil chloride and iron or sulfur reduction rates were strongest in the surface layer (0-3 cm), indicative of surface water incursion, rather than groundwater intrusion at our site. The interaction between soil moisture and extractable chloride was significantly related to increased AVS, whereas increased soil chloride was a stronger predictor of CRS. The current DOS in this coastal plains wetland is very low, resulting from high soil iron content and relatively small degree of salt water incursion. However, with time and continuous salt water exposure, iron will bind with incoming sulfur, creating FeS complexes, and DOS will increase.

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Section: 1002/2014jg002739mentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron clad wetlands: Soil iron‐sulfur buffering determines coastal wetland response to salt water incursion

2014

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“…There is growing recognition of the potential utility of managing soil biota to develop a desirable soil structure [5] and to maintain ecosystem services provided by healthy forests [2]. However, surprisingly little is known of how the structure and function of the food webs that maintain soil productivity are affected by forest management practices that alter physical disturbances, change the composition of organic matter inputs, or modify the physical properties of soils [1,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reductions in the amount of basal resources entering managed forests has been shown to decrease the diversity or abundance of arthropods that process organic inputs [8,9], initiating a negative feedback cycle toward lower site productivity [6,10,11]. Forest management activities such as litter removal, may also abruptly shift trophic interactions, altering the dominance of species and changing the functioning of ecosystem processes [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Raking of Pine Plantations Alters Soil Arthropod Communities

Ober

DeGroote

2014

Forests

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Terrestrial arthropods in forests are engaged in vital ecosystem functions that ultimately help maintain soil productivity. Repeated disturbance can cause abrupt and irreversible changes in arthropod community composition and thereby alter trophic interactions among soil fauna. An increasingly popular means of generating income from pine plantations in the Southeastern U.S. is annual raking to collect pine litter. We raked litter once per year for three consecutive years in the pine plantations of three different species (loblolly, Pinus taeda; longleaf, P. palustris; and slash, P. elliottii). We sampled arthropods quarterly for three years in raked and un-raked pine stands to assess temporal shifts in abundance among dominant orders of arthropods. Effects varied greatly among orders of arthropods, among timber types, and among years. Distinct trends over time were apparent among orders that occupied both high trophic positions (predators) and low trophic positions (fungivores, detritivores). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that raking caused stronger shifts in arthropod community composition in longleaf and loblolly than slash pine stands. Results highlight the role of pine litter in shaping terrestrial arthropod communities, and imply that repeated removal of pine straw during consecutive years is likely to have unintended consequences on arthropod communities that exacerbate over time. OPEN ACCESSForests 2014, 5 690

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“…Under this management scheme, large amounts of nutrients are exported from acidic, low-nutrient soils, every 5 or 6 years due to biomass removal. To understand the processes associated with forestry cycles requires investigating the dynamics of the microbial community (Johnston and Crossley 2002;Chauvat et al 2003). However, little is known about how soil microbial communities respond to stand age of Eucalyptus plantations, which can affect soil ecosystem function and sustainable timber production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-linear impacts of Eucalyptus plantation stand age on soil microbial metabolic diversity

et al. 2013

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Purpose Although it is generally accepted that planting exotic plant species alters metabolic function of soil microbial communities, its temporal dynamic is often ignored when evaluating ecological effects of associated land use changes. To investigate the dynamic impacts of successive Eucalyptus planting on carbon metabolic activities of soil microbial communities, we studied community-level physiological profiles of soil microbial communities in different generations of Eucalyptus plantations. Materials and methods We studied community-level physiological profiles of soil microbial communities, using the Biolog™ Ecoplates incubation, in adjacent first (G1), second (G2), third (G3), and fourth (G4) generation Eucalyptus plantations that were, respectively, aged 3, 8, 14, and 19 years in Guangxi province, southern China. We used the 'space-fortime substitution' approach to investigate the impact of stand age of exotic Eucalyptus plantations on carbon metabolic diversity and activities of soil microbial communities. For each Eucalyptus plantation generation, three experimental plots were randomly selected. In each plot, one composite soil sample from 0 to 10 cm in depth was obtained for the analyses. Results and discussion Single carbon source utilization varied with Eucalyptus plantation stand age. Among preselected 31 carbon sources, utilization of 17 carbon sources changed significantly, which was best described by a quadratic function (ten carbon sources) and an exponential function (seven carbon sources). As a result, cumulative averaged metabolic activity and metabolic diversity of soil microbial communities showed quadratic and exponential changes relative to Eucalyptus plantation stand age. The order of cumulative averaged carbon metabolic activity and metabolic diversity were G1>G4, G3>G2 and G1>G2>G3, G4 (p<0.05), respectively. The factors contributing to carbon source utilization structure of soil microbial communities for different stand ages of Eucalyptus plantations were shrub richness, soil organic carbon content, microbial biomass carbon, C-to-N ratio, and N-to-P ratio. Conclusions Eucalyptus plantation stand age has inconsistent non-linear impacts on two aspects of soil microbial metabolic function: (1) quadratic impacts on carbon metabolic efficiency and (2) exponential impacts on carbon metabolic diversity. The decreasing carbon metabolic diversity has no significant impact on carbon metabolic efficiency during successive Eucalyptus plantings. The results show that the importance of assessing long-term impacts of land use changes on soil microbial communities from exotic plantations by quantifying multi-aspect non-linear changes on soil microbial metabolic function.

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Forest ecosystem recovery in the southeast US: soil ecology as an essential component of ecosystem management

Cited by 65 publications

References 57 publications

Iron clad wetlands: Soil iron‐sulfur buffering determines coastal wetland response to salt water incursion

Iron clad wetlands: Soil iron‐sulfur buffering determines coastal wetland response to salt water incursion

Repeated Raking of Pine Plantations Alters Soil Arthropod Communities

Non-linear impacts of Eucalyptus plantation stand age on soil microbial metabolic diversity

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