Forest gardens management under traditional ecological knowledge in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

Winarni B, Lahjie AM, Simarangkir B.D.A.S., Yusuf S, Ruslim Y. 2018. Forest gardens management under traditional ecological knowledge in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 77-84. Local wisdom of Dayak Kodatn people in West Kalimantan in forest management shows that human and nature are in one beneficial ecological unity known as Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). Former cultivation forest areas are managed in various ways, including planting forest trees, fruit-producing plants, and rubber trees until they transform into the forest garden. This research used three models, monoculture rubber cultivation (Model 1), combined rubber and camphor cultivation (Model 2), and combined rubber and durian cultivation (Model 3). This research intended to: (i) analyze the production of rubber latex and durian fruit; (ii) analyze the growth increment of camphor and durian trees; (iii) analyze the financial feasibility of rubber tree plantation, combined rubber and camphor tree plantation, and combined rubber and durian trees plantation; (iv) formulate the model of rubber cultivation. This research also used measurement methods other than field measurement, which were tree diameter and height, rubber latex and durian fruit weight, and questionnaire interviews. The maximum productions of rubber latex from three models were achieved at the age of 17 years, while maximum production of durian fruits was achieved at the age of 55 years. The maximum growth increment of camphor and durian trees were achieved at the age of 40 years. Based on NPV analysis and IRR, those three models were worthy of being cultivated. Financially, the combined rubber and durian cultivation (Model 3) was the most profitable, followed by monoculture rubber cultivation (Model 1), and lastly the combined rubber and camphor cultivation (Model 2).

Financial analysis of dipterocarp log production and rubber production in the forest and land rehabilitation program of Sekolaq Muliaq, West Kutai District, Indonesia

“…For comparison, the accumulated rubber productivity up to optimum age in Sekolaq Muliaq Village, West Kutai, in East Kalimantan is 2.8 ton ha -1 , which is 9.4% lower than the optimum productivity in Dusun Sanjan, District Sanggau, in West Kalimantan (Winarni et al 2018). Furthermore, rubber plantation not always showed similar productivity of latex for another location.…”

Plant diversity in traditional fruit gardens (munaans) of Benuaq and Tunjung Dayaks tribes of West Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…Forest gardens have been considered as one of the models of agroforestry in which the local people cultivate farmlands with trees such as durian (Durio zibethinus), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), langsat (Lansium domesticum), cempedak (Artocarpus champeden), ihau (Dimocarpus didyma), kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica) and meranti (Shorea sp.) (Mulyoutami et al 2009;Winarni et al 2018). In Central Kalimantan, similar types of traditional agroforestry gardens called Kaleka managed by local people have been reported Rahu et al (2014).…”

Economic outcomes of rubber-based agroforestry systems: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

“…Rubber trees have a certain life span with a long pre-production period before becoming productive. Tapping of rubber trees for latex usually starts from the fifth year for modern clonal varieties (Winarni et al 2018) to tenth year after planting for traditional unselected rubber trees (Lehébel-Péron et al 2010). After approximately 30 years a decline in latex production makes further tapping of the trees uneconomic (Manivong and Cramb 2007).…”

“…There is consensus in the literature that intercropping during immature rubber years is a way of enhancing an early return on investment or providing income before rubber production starts (Hougni et al 2018;Snoeck et al 2013). However, studies involving farming diversification during mature rubber stage have produced mixed results depending on the exact system being studied (Stroesser et al 2016;Winarni et al 2018).…”