Winarni B, Lahjie AM, Simarangkir B.D.A.S., Yusuf S, Ruslim Y. 2018. Forest gardens management under traditional ecological knowledge in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 77-84. Local wisdom of Dayak Kodatn people in West Kalimantan in forest management shows that human and nature are in one beneficial ecological unity known as Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). Former cultivation forest areas are managed in various ways, including planting forest trees, fruit-producing plants, and rubber trees until they transform into the forest garden. This research used three models, monoculture rubber cultivation (Model 1), combined rubber and camphor cultivation (Model 2), and combined rubber and durian cultivation (Model 3). This research intended to: (i) analyze the production of rubber latex and durian fruit; (ii) analyze the growth increment of camphor and durian trees; (iii) analyze the financial feasibility of rubber tree plantation, combined rubber and camphor tree plantation, and combined rubber and durian trees plantation; (iv) formulate the model of rubber cultivation. This research also used measurement methods other than field measurement, which were tree diameter and height, rubber latex and durian fruit weight, and questionnaire interviews. The maximum productions of rubber latex from three models were achieved at the age of 17 years, while maximum production of durian fruits was achieved at the age of 55 years. The maximum growth increment of camphor and durian trees were achieved at the age of 40 years. Based on NPV analysis and IRR, those three models were worthy of being cultivated. Financially, the combined rubber and durian cultivation (Model 3) was the most profitable, followed by monoculture rubber cultivation (Model 1), and lastly the combined rubber and camphor cultivation (Model 2).
Mulyastuti Y, Rahayu SI, Sunarno S, Santoso S, Wasito EB. 2017. Short Communication: Investigation of Diphtheria in Indonesia: dtxR and tox genes analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae collected from outbreaks. Biodiversitas 18: 784-787. Diphtheria outbreaks have sporadically occurred in Indonesia recently. It is suspected that toxin profile changes play an important role in vaccine efficacy and the occurrence of outbreaks. This study aimed to investigate the genetic changes of dtxR and tox genes in Corynebacterium diphtheria in Indonesia. Four C. diphtheriae toxigenic isolates circulating in current outbreak area were analyzed by comparing DNA sequences of their dtxR and tox genes to those of the PW8 vaccine strain. Among the four isolates, three point mutations were detected in dtxR gene while three other point mutations were detected in the tox gene. All six were silent mutations, suggesting that the diphtheria toxin is highly conserved at the amino acid sequence level, and indirectly indicating that the vaccine remains appropriate. Genetic variation in dtxR and tox genes of C. diphtheriae isolates from the recent outbreaks in Indonesia was detected.
Penelitian ini didasarkan pada upaya pemanfaatan limbah sampah kota yang keberadaannya melimpah dan mencemari lingkungan agar dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi suatu produk yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi yaitu kompos, selain itu juga dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi masalah kelangkaan serta mahalnya harga pupuk saat ini. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kampus Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda, dengan lamanya waktu penelitian adalah 3 bulan terhitung mulai bulan Juli sampai dengan Oktober 2020 yang meliputi: persiapan alat dan bahan, pembuatan kompos, pengambilan data dan analisis kompos. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui lama waktu pembuatan kompos hingga kompos dikatakan jadi, dan mengetahui kualitas kompos berdasarkan standar SNI 19-7030-2004. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; kompos jadi pada hari ke-19 yang ditandai dengan warna kompos coklat kehitaman, tidak berbau, bentuk/tekstur remah dan suhunya sudah stabil mendekati suhu ruang dan kompos yang dihasilkan jika dibandingkan dengan standar SNI 19-7030-2004 untuk C organik, N dan K memenuhi standar sedangkan pH H2O, C/N rasio dan P belum memenuhi standar SNI 19-7030-2004.
Abstract. Alex T, Winarni B, Kusuma IW, Arung ET, Budiarso E. 2017. Short Communication: The clay nanoparticle impregnation for increasing the strength and quality of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and white meranti (Shorea bracteolata) timber. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 107-110. The clay nanoparticle impregnation for increasing the strength and quality of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and white meranti (Shorea bracteolata) timber. The clay nanoparticles as a fine particle material dissolved in water was impregnated into the sengon and white meranti timber in order to improve its strength properties. Impregnation is the process of inserting the material dissolved in specific water or liquid in the timber using vacuum tube and air pressure. Materials used in this study were clay nanoparticles and the sample test of sengon (P. falcataria) and white meranti (S.bracteolata) timbers with a size of 2 cm x 2 cm x 40 cm. A total of 30 samples for each type of dried timber were impregnated using clay nanoparticles with a pressure of 60 psi for 2 hours. The results showed that impregnation with clay nanoparticles at concentrations of 5% gave the retention value of sengon and white meranti timber of 22.73 kg.m 3 and 24.89 kg.m 3 , respectively. Wood strength is indicated by the voltage value at the boundary proportion (SPL), modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). sengon timber shows the value of SPL, MOR, MOE by 296.57 kg.cm 2 , 376.36 kg.cm 2 , and 38027.663 kg.cm 2 , while the white meranti timber had the value of SPL, MOR, MOE as follows: 623, 32 kg.cm 2 , 729.69 kg.cm 2 and 160.187 kg.cm 2 . The strength of sengon timber was increased from class V (very low) to class IV (low), whereas white meranti was increased from class IV (low) into class II (strong).
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