Formation mechanism of pseudoperiodical multi-twinning nanostructures

Low temperature II–VI nanowire growth using Au–Sn catalysts

“…2, were formed free of twins and stacking faults. It has been suggested that twins are formed in II-VI nanowires to release elastic energy resulting from mismatch strain at the catalyst/nanowire interface [23]. However, because of the low growth temperatures used here, the corresponding thermal energy may be sufficiently low such that the energy barrier for twin formation could not be overcome in many nanowires.…”

“…However, because of the low growth temperatures used here, the corresponding thermal energy may be sufficiently low such that the energy barrier for twin formation could not be overcome in many nanowires. The sidewalls of the twin-free nanowires are also smooth, unlike the zigzagged surfaces of twinned II-VI nanowires [2,23,24]. Joyce et al [18] also used a low nanowire growth temperature to obtain twin-free GaAs nanowires with smooth sidewalls.…”

Temperature-dependent growth of zinc-blende-structured ZnTe nanostructures

“…In the last few years, twins are thought to be a common crystal defect in nanomaterials with zinc-blende crystal structural semiconductors [16][17][18][19][20][26][27][28][29][30]. Hao et al [16] considered that the formation of periodically twinned nanowires is based on modulating mass diffusion in the catalyst droplet and on the nanowire side surfaces.…”

“…It is well known that the property is determined by the structure [15]; therefore, it is important to synthesize various nanostructures and understand their growth mechanism for better controlling their properties. Recently, periodically twinned nanowires of ZnS and ZnSe have been synthesized [16][17][18][19][20]; however, the growth mechanism of the above-mentioned morphological nanowires of group II-VI semiconductors is vaguely known till now.…”

Multitwinned Spinel Nanowires by Assembly of Nanobricks via Oriented Attachment: A Case Study of Zn2TiO4

“…3Ϫ9 In 2006 Johansson et al 6 examined GaP nanowires with pseudoperiodical multitwinning structures grown by metalϪorganic vapor-phase epitaxy, and proposed that twin-plane nucleation is favored by fluctuations in mass transport as well as thermal fluctuations during vaporϪliquidϪsolid (VLS) growth. Later, Zhang et al 9 revealed that the lattice mismatch between the catalyst particle and the grown nanowire may be another contributing factor to the formation of multitwinning nanowires in some cases. Davidson et al 7 systemically investigated multiple lamellar twins in GaAs, GaP, and InAs nanowires synthesized by supercritical fluidϪliquidϪsolid (SFLS) and solutionϪliquidϪsolid (SLS) approaches.…”