Formation of a Single Gold Nanoparticle on a Nanometer-Sized Electrode and Its Electrochemical Behaviors

Sun, Peng; Li, Fēi; Yang, Cheng; Sun, Tong; Kady, Ismail O.; Hunt, B. G.; Zhuang, Jian

doi:10.1021/jp308501j

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…13,14,[16][17][18][19][20] Mass transport, already being extremely fast due to the nanoscale dimensions, can be further accelerated by local delivery of reactants. We use these nanoelectrochemical tools to mimic the situation in gas diffusion electrodes and in particular oxygendepolarized cathodes with silver as the active ORR catalyst.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oxygen reduction reaction at the three-phase boundary: nanoelectrodes modified with Ag nanoclusters

et al. 2016

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Silver nanoclusters are deposited on bifunctional Θ-shaped nanoelectrodes consisting of a carbon nanoelectrode combined with a hollow nanopipette. The Θ-nanoelectrodes are used as model systems to study interfacial mass transport in gas diffusion electrodes and in particular oxygen-depolarized cathodes (ODC) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in chlor-alkali electrolysers. By local delivery of O gas to the electroactive Ag nanoclusters through the adjacent nanopipette, enhanced currents for the ORR at the Ag nanoparticles are recorded which are not accountable when considering the low solubility and slow diffusion of O in highly alkaline media. Instead, local oversaturation of O leads to current enhancement at the Ag nanoclusters. Due to the intrinsic high mass transport rates at the nanometric electrodes accompanied by local delivery of reactants, the method generally allows to study electrochemical reactions at single nanoparticles beyond the limitations induced by slow diffusion and low reactant concentration. Kinetic and mechanistic information, for instance derived from Tafel slopes, can be obtained from kinetic regimes not accessible to standard techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oxygen reduction reaction at the three-phase boundary: nanoelectrodes modified with Ag nanoclusters

et al. 2016

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“…Examples of this approach are: the electrodeposition of NPs from a solution containing the metal ion, either onto the bare support electrode [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82] or onto the support electrode modified with a polymer film; [78,[83][84][85][86] electroless deposition; [77,87,88] and vacuum evaporation. Examples of this approach are: the electrodeposition of NPs from a solution containing the metal ion, either onto the bare support electrode [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82] or onto the support electrode modified with a polymer film; [78,[83][84][85][86] electroless deposition; [77,87,88] and vacuum evaporation.…”

Section: Single-step Nanoparticle Formation and Immobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry of Nanoparticles

et al. 2014

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Metal nanoparticles (NPs) find widespread application as a result of their unique physical and chemical properties. NPs have generated considerable interest in catalysis and electrocatalysis, where they provide a high surface area to mass ratio and can be tailored to promote particular reaction pathways. The activity of NPs can be analyzed especially well using electrochemistry, which probes interfacial chemistry directly. In this Review, we discuss key issues related to the electrochemistry of NPs. We highlight model studies that demonstrate exceptional control over the NP shape and size, or mass-transport conditions, which can provide key insights into the behavior of ensembles of NPs. Particular focus is on the challenge of ultimately measuring reactions at individual NPs, and relating the response to their structure, which is leading to imaginative experiments that have an impact on electrochemistry in general as well as broader surface and colloid science.

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“…One electrochemical approach to single NP experiments is to measure the current at a metal NP either landing at or attached to a small electrode. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The landing experiments provided more information about transport processes and collision dynamics, the size distribution and concentration of NPs than electron transfer (ET) or catalytic activities. The problems in NP immobilization experiments [13][14][15] include difficulties in characterizing the geometry of the nanoelectrode/NP system, significant background current produced by the underlying electrode surface, and poorly defined NP shape if it is formed in situ by electrodeposition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Individual Catalytic Nanoparticles

Sun

Zacher

et al. 2014

Angewandte Chemie

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Electrochemistry at individual metal nanoparticles (NPs) can provide new insights into their electrocatalytic behavior. Herein, the electrochemical activity of single AuNPs attached to the catalytically inert carbon surface is mapped by using extremely small (! 3 nm radius) polished nanoelectrodes as tips in the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The use of such small probes resulted in the spatial resolution significantly higher than in previously reported electrochemical images. The currents produced by either rapid electron transfer or the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction at a single 10 or 20 nm NP were measured and quantitatively analyzed. The developed methodology should be useful for studying the effects of nanoparticle size, geometry, and surface attachment on electrocatalytic activity in real-world application environment.Electrochemistry of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has been subject of numerous recent studies because of their extensive applications in electrocatalysis and sensing. [1][2][3] The catalytic activity of NPs and the reaction pathway often depend strongly on the NP shape, size, and orientation on the surface. [4][5][6] To investigate the effects of these factors, one has to visualize and measure electrochemical activity at the level of single NPs and crystal-surface facets of a particle. Optical techniques, including surface plasmon resonance imaging, [7] and single-molecule fluorescence imaging [8] were employed recently to map the catalytic activity distribution on a single NP level. One electrochemical approach to single NP experiments is to measure the current at a metal NP either landing at or attached to a small electrode. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The landing experiments provided more information about transport processes and collision dynamics, the size distribution and concentration of NPs than electron transfer (ET) or catalytic activities. The problems in NP immobilization experiments [13][14][15] include difficulties in characterizing the geometry of the nanoelectrode/NP system, significant background current produced by the underlying electrode surface, and poorly defined NP shape if it is formed in situ by electrodeposition.

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Formation of a Single Gold Nanoparticle on a Nanometer-Sized Electrode and Its Electrochemical Behaviors

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

The oxygen reduction reaction at the three-phase boundary: nanoelectrodes modified with Ag nanoclusters

The oxygen reduction reaction at the three-phase boundary: nanoelectrodes modified with Ag nanoclusters

Electrochemistry of Nanoparticles

Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Individual Catalytic Nanoparticles

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