Formation of Aerosols in the Atmosphere

Lushnikov, A. A.; Zagaynov, V. A.; Lyubovtseva, Yu. S.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3212-6_2

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…(Pöschl, 2005;Andreae and Rosenfeld, 2008;Seinfeld and Pandis, 2016). The physical and optical properties of aerosols can vary over time as a result of humidification, coagulation, gas-to-particle conversion, scavenging by precipitation, and other processes (Pöschl, 2005;Lushnikov et al, 2010). Aerosols are highly mobile in the atmosphere, easily crossing continents and oceans, and are well explained in numerous literatures (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial‐temporal characteristics of aerosol loading over the Yangtze River Basin during 2001–2015

Ming

Wang

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The spatial‐temporal characteristics of aerosol loading over the Yangtze River Basin, China during 2001–2015 were investigated using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), multi‐angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR), and ground‐level particulate matter (PM) data. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) >0.8 occurs in the Yangtze River Delta, central China, and the Sichuan Basin, while AOD <0.3 occurs over higher‐elevation areas in the western Sichuan Plateau and the source regions of the Yangtze River. The western Sichuan Plateau is characterized by fine‐mode natural aerosols, while the source region of the Yangtze River is more influenced by dust aerosols. The Sichuan Basin, central China, and the Yangtze River Delta are dominated by anthropogenic aerosols. The spatial distribution of ground‐level PM2.5 and its ratio to PM10 confirm the high aerosol loading and dominance of small particles over the middle and lower Yangtze Basin. Over the Yangtze River Delta, central China, and the Sichuan Basin, AOD varies seasonally from low in the cold months to high in the warm months, being suppressed by rainfall and wind during the Asian summer monsoon. Precipitation increases aerosol loading in the western Sichuan Plateau but reduces dust particles in the source region of the Yangtze River. There is no significant AOD trend over most areas of the Yangtze River Basin during 2001–2015, while strong decreasing trends are found over most of the middle and lower Yangtze Basin during 2011–2015. These decreasing trends may relate to changes in annual precipitation, wind speed, and air‐pollution control policies. The NO2 and SO2 emissions decreased by 16.51 and 23.40% over major provinces and cities of the Yangtze River Basin from 2011 to 2015. An increase in rainfall over the middle and lower Yangtze Basin and a better pollutant diffusion condition in the Sichuan Basin also favour the decreasing AOD during this period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial‐temporal characteristics of aerosol loading over the Yangtze River Basin during 2001–2015

Ming

Wang

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Those charged clusters grow sufficiently in presence of atmospheric trace gas molecules to become neutral and charged aerosol particles and becomes stable after while. The rates of formation of such particles are enough for accounting for the rate of aerosol particle formation [31]. It has even been speculated that these particles may grow to the size of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thereby may influence clouds and climate [32].…”

Section: Gcr Flux and Fate Of Aodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on stratospheric moistening by rates of change of aerosol optical depth and ozone due to solar activity in extra-tropics

Saha

Maitra

2014

Indian J Phys

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The solar-induced changes in ozone and aerosol optical depth have relative effects on stratospheric moistening at upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region. Wavelet-based multi-scale principal component analysis technique has been applied to de-noise component of quasi-biennial oscillation and El Niño-Southern Oscillation from ozone and aerosol optical depth variations. Rate of change of aerosol optical depth sharply increases indicating a positive gradient whereas rate of change of ozone sharply decreases indicating a negative gradient with solar activity during the years 2004-2010. It is also observed that with increase of rate of change of aerosol optical depth, there is a sharp increase of stratospheric moistening caused by enhanced deep convection. On the contrary, with the increase of stratospheric moistening, there is a sharp decrease of rate of change of ozone resulting in a cross-over between the two parameters. An increase in aerosol optical depth may cause a significant increase in the gradient of vertical temperature profile, as well as formation of cloud condensation nuclei, clouds and hence rainfall. This may lead to formation of strong convective system in the atmosphere that is essential for vertical transfer of water vapour in the tropics percolating tropical tropopause layer and depleting stratospheric ozone in the extra-tropics.

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“…This means that it is impossible to apply the free molecular approximation, even for very small particle sizes (large Knudsen numbers). An effective and fairly simple solution to this problem is described in [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The diffusion limit was studied in [31], where the possible chemical interaction of ions with molecular impurities in the carrier gas was also taken into account.…”

Section: The Effect Of Atmospheric Aerosols On the Propagation Of Radmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Problems of Passive Remote Sensing of the Earth’s Surface in the Range of 1.2–1.6 GHz

et al. 2020

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The main problems of remote sensing of the Earth’s surface within the frequency range 1.2–1.6 GHz are discussed. They are related to the resonant quantum properties of the radio wave propagation medium in the lower ionosphere. It is shown that, for the passive remote sensing, the main source is incoherent microwave radiation of the D and E ionospheric layers in the decimeter range. For the first time, a theoretically grounded principally new scheme of measurements is suggested. The scheme assumes that the radiation source exists below the satellite orbit and accounts for the fact that two types of radiation (direct and reflected) reach the satellite sensor. The separation of the respective fluxes is a serious problem that should be solved for the correct interpretation of the measurements. The question is raised regarding the correct calibration of measuring equipment, depending on the current state of the ionosphere.

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Formation of Aerosols in the Atmosphere

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Spatial‐temporal characteristics of aerosol loading over the Yangtze River Basin during 2001–2015

Spatial‐temporal characteristics of aerosol loading over the Yangtze River Basin during 2001–2015

Effects on stratospheric moistening by rates of change of aerosol optical depth and ozone due to solar activity in extra-tropics

The Problems of Passive Remote Sensing of the Earth’s Surface in the Range of 1.2–1.6 GHz

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