Formation of antibody to matrix protein in experimental human influenza A virus infections

Creţescu, L; Beare, A. S.; Schild, G. C.

doi:10.1128/iai.22.2.322-327.1978

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…M1 is also immunogenic, and it has been shown that natural infection with H3N2 virus induces M1-reactive antibodies in approximately 35% of individuals 55 . However, another study found M1-specific antibody in only 1% of study participants before experimental infection with different H1N1 and H3N2 wild-type and re-assortant viruses, and only 6% of study participants had an increase in M1-specific antibody titre after infection 60 . Interestingly, it was suggested that the anti-M1 response is greater after influenza B virus infection than after influenza A virus infection 61 .…”

Section: Antibodies To Nucleoproteinmentioning

confidence: 96%

The human antibody response to influenza A virus infection and vaccination

2019

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The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex, involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune responses to natural infection with influenza virus in humans are relatively broad and long-lived, but influenza viruses can escape from these responses over time owing to their high mutation rates and antigenic flexibility. Vaccines are the best available countermeasure against infection, but vaccine effectiveness is low compared with other viral vaccines, and the induced immune response is narrow and short-lived. Furthermore, inactivated influenza virus vaccines focus on the induction of systemic IgG responses but do not effectively induce mucosal IgA responses. Here, I review the differences between natural infection and vaccination in terms of the antibody responses they induce and how these responses protect against future infection. A better understanding of how natural infection induces broad and long-lived immune responses will be key to developing next-generation influenza virus vaccines.

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Section: Antibodies To Nucleoproteinmentioning

confidence: 96%

The human antibody response to influenza A virus infection and vaccination

2019

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“…The humoral immune system, including both the mucosal and systemic arms, plays a major role in immunity to influenza infection, and the cell‐mediated immune response is particularly effective in clearing virus‐infected cells. During infection of humans, antibodies are produced to all the major viral proteins [26, 27]. Antibodies to the surface glycoproteins, HA and NA, are associated with resistance to infection, whereas antibodies to the conserved internal antigens, M and NP, are not protective [28].…”

Section: The Immune Response To Influenza Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Virus: Immunity and Vaccination Strategies. Comparison of the Immune Response to Inactivated and Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccines

Cox¹,

2004

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Influenza virus is a globally important respiratory pathogen which causes a high degree of morbidity and mortality annually. The virus is continuously undergoing antigenic change and thus bypasses the host's acquired immunity to influenza. Despite the improvement in antiviral therapy during the last decade, vaccination is still the most effective method of prophylaxis. Vaccination induces a good degree of protection (60-90% efficacy) and is well tolerated by the recipient. For those at risk of complications from influenza, annual vaccination is recommended due to the antigenic changes in circulating strains. However, there is still room for improvement in vaccine efficacy, long-lasting effect, ease of administration and compliance rates. The mucosal tissues of the respiratory tract are the main portal entry of influenza, and the mucosal immune system provides the first line of defence against infection. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and IgM are the major neutralizing antibodies directed against mucosal pathogens. These antibodies work to prevent pathogen entry and can function intracellularly to inhibit replication of virus. This review describes influenza virus infection, epidemiology, clinical presentation and immune system response, particularly as it pertains to mucosal immunity and vaccine use. Specifically, this review provides an update of the current status on influenza vaccination and concentrates on the two main types of influenza vaccines currently in use, namely the cold-adapted vaccine (CAV) given intranasally/ orally, and the inactivated vaccine (IV) delivered subcutanously or intramuscularly. The commercially available trivalent IV (TIV) elicits good serum antibody responses but induces poorly mucosal IgA antibody and cell-mediated immunity. In contrast, the CAV may elicit a long-lasting, broader immune (humoral and cellular) response, which more closely resembles natural immunity. The immune response induced by these two vaccines will be compared in this review.

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“…_ Antibodies to the type-specific M protein of influenza virus were measured by the single radial immunodiffusion test in previous studies - (5,11). From these studies, it was concluded *\*** >c that only persons severely infected by influenza ' viruses demonstrated measurable antibody levels to M protein.…”

Section: Discussion Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significance of antibodies to M protein as related to disease in influenza virus infection is unknown. Antibodies to M protein have been found by single radial diffusion assays (5,11) in persons with severe illness due to influenza virus infection. The advent of more sensitive techniques, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), permits further evaluation of M antibody concentrations in serum after exposure to influenza viral antigens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of antibodies to influenza virus M protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Khan¹,

Bucher²,

Koul³

et al. 1982

J Clin Microbiol

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test system was developed in which purified influenza virus M protein was used for the detection of M antibody in human sera. Antibody levels to influenza A virus M protein were monitored in sera from a vaccine study population by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique with purified M protein as the adsorbent antigen. A 10-fold variation in titers of preexisting M antibody was observed in this population of young adults. Increases of anti-M titer of 7to 24-fold were observed upon immunization with Formalin-inactivated vaccine or after natural infection. The antibody response to M protein was dissociated from the response to the hemagglutinin or neuraminidase antigens. The M antibody response preceded or was coincident with the antibody response to Hi hemagglutinin upon natural exposure to circulating virus.

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Formation of antibody to matrix protein in experimental human influenza A virus infections

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

The human antibody response to influenza A virus infection and vaccination

The human antibody response to influenza A virus infection and vaccination

Influenza Virus: Immunity and Vaccination Strategies. Comparison of the Immune Response to Inactivated and Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccines

Detection of antibodies to influenza virus M protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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