Formation of Art Competence Using the Ukrainian Folk Toy Among Younger Schoolchildren With Low Vision

The article presents the results of the analysis of historical materials on the use of theatrical art as a means of education, training and socialization of children by teachers and theatrical practitioners of Ukraine in the early twentieth century. The in-depth analysis of archival sources, manuscripts, and old printed works allowed to distinguish teachers whose achievements allow us to understand the peculiarities of the formation of the theoretical foundations and practice of introducing theatrical art into the educational system of Ukraine. During this historical period, the following issues were raised: the age limits of children's involvement in theatrical creativity, the specifics of the audience; mechanisms of children's dramatic creativity and development of appropriate approaches to the organization of theatrical work with children; requirements for repertoire selection; stages of acquainting children with theatrical art, methods of organizing and conducting rehearsal work, etc. Scholars and educators of the time noted that children and adolescents who played only for their peers and parents could be involved in theatrical work; acquaintance with theatrical art should begin with simple theatrical forms, dramatized games, acting out charades, proverbs, "living pictures" and gradually move on to staging dramatic works; the basis of children's theatrical play are emotional experiences, and therefore the task of the leader is to emotionally captivate the child, put him/her in the right emotional state. Based on the analysis of culturological aspects of the functioning of theatrical art in society, theoretical approaches to understanding the pedagogical possibilities of theater and the practice of using theatrical art in school, it was determined that pedagogical materials of the early twentieth century emphasized the importance of theater for the development of human aesthetics, moral and ethical qualities of the personality, activation of his/her creative forces, psychological and psychophysical characteristics of a child: imagination, memory; self-awareness, emotions, feelings, empathy, communication skills and abilities. Possibilities of theatrical art in fostering children’s mastering a native language, in the training of attentive and competent spectators were defined.

Development Peculiarities of Domestic Theory and Practice of Using Theater Art in Educational Work With Children in the First Third of the Xx Century

Dergach

2020

Peculiarities of Motor and Speech Rhythmic Processes Formation in Children of Senior Preschool Age With Stuttering by Means of Logorhythmic Exercises

Zhadlenko¹

2020

The scientific article proves that the functional aspects of motor-speech development in senior preschool children with stuttering are closely related to the basic morphofunctional provision of motor skills and speech, which involves activating the cerebral cortex, improving blood supply to the brain, restoring motor and articulatory innervation. By applying a multidisciplinary approach philosophical, psychophysiological, neurobiological, psychological and linguistic aspects of the nature of rhythm were highlighted. Comparative indicators of the level of motor and speech rhythm development were determined before and after performing logarithmic exercises. Theoretical and methodological analysis of the problem of motor and speech rhythms development in children of senior preschool age with stuttering confirmed the assumption about delayed rhythm development in children of this nosological group. The need for a comprehensive study of this issue was the driving force for carrying out the observational experiment, whose purpose was to study the peculiarities of the development of motor and speech rhythms in older preschool children with stuttering. In the process of analyzing the comparative characteristics of the levels of motor and verbal response in senior preschool children with stuttering, it was proved that these two processes develop simultaneously and are interdependent. The retardation of one process leads to the retardation of the other one, which affects the development of children's motor and verbal (speech) rhythm. Comparative characteristics of the formation levels of motor and verbal rhythms in senior preschool children with stuttering before and after correctional and developmental classes show that after performing correctional and developmental exercises there are no children with zero and low levels of reproduction, while medium and sufficient levels of motor reproduction and speech response prevail. This fact experimentally confirmed that the selected correctional and developmental work, conducting of speech therapy and logorhythmic classes aimed at the development of motor and verbal rhythms contributed to a significant improvement in the children’s results.

Peculiarities of Visual Perception of Visually Impaired Children

Dmytrenko

2021

The author proved that limited opportunities in children manifest themselves in significantly limited life activities, which in turn significantly affect social maladaptation. A deep and comprehensive analysis is needed not only to understand modern experience in this field and successfully finda solution for this problem, but also to perceive the historical and pedagogical heritage of the past. Critical analysis of historical experience contributes to better understanding and eventual solving of the problems of modern typhlopedagogy. The concept "visually impaired"is described. The categories of these children are defined. It is characterized that amblyopia is understood as various forms of decreased visual acuity caused by functional disorders of the visual apparatus. It is established that the term "strabismus" combines lesions of the visual and oculomotor systems that are different in origin and localization, causing periodic or permanent deviation of the eyeball. The authors proved that amblyopia and strabismus, causing a decrease in visual acuity and visual functions, inevitably cause visual deprivation. It is proved that children with strabismus and amblyopia of monocular vision experience significant difficulties in determining the color saturation, shades and lightness of objects, the size of three-dimensional objects. It is established that this causes the impoverishment of the child's sensory experience, difficulty in orientation in space, disharmonious development of sensory and intellectual functions, which affects the development of visual-effective and visual-imaginative thinking. The author, in the course of analyzing psychological and correctional sources, concludes that the process of perception of educational material by students with visual impairments largely depends on the clinical picture of the visual defect, on the structural and functional disorders of this analyzer. It is determined that correctional and pedagogical work is organized and methodically directed depending on the functional disorders of vision (acuity, field, binocularity, gaze fixation, etc.), various ergonomic recommendations are determined by the author (visual, tactile, physical activity, illumination of the working surface of the table, etc.). The author proved that ICTs can become a significant factor of positive changes, because their application allows attracting more participants in education at a lower cost, meeting the requirements of social justice for all groups of the population, opens up broad prospects for improving the quality of education, its accessibility for people with special psychophysical development, contributing to equal access to information and educational services, full and fruitful social integration. Introduction of open access repositories with educational and scientific content will provide alternative ways of acquiring knowledge despite time or space constraints.