The number of senior preschoolers with speech development below the norm on the eve of school education is growing steadily annually. Updating the educational process organization, aiming at improving the efficiency and quality of primary school students education and, consequently, growing requirements for the level of their knowledge and skills, on the one hand, and the increase of the number of children with speech impairment, on the other, necessitate propedeutics of impairment and the development of special diagnostic tools. In this paper, we set an objective to analyze the reasons for which younger primary school students have difficulties in the process of written speech formation. The research is aimed at studying the level of the formation of basic processes and functions essential for literacy and writing skills acquisition. 240 primary school students were engaged in a pilot experiment aimed at assessing the efficiency of speech therapy screening. The traditional screening methods have always been the observation, conversation, but one of its modern methods is testing. The analysis of the results of the younger primary school students' frontal examination enables to state that in students from 1st to 4th grades there prevailed average level of formation of basic prerequisites and skills essential for writing skills teaching. According to the results of the study, we can affirm that the study of the degree of the formation of processes and functions essential for literacy and writing skills acquisition by means of speech therapy screening is an essential prerequisite of a comprehensive correction of the speech development of younger primary school students with dysgraphia, as it facilitates early identification of children from "risk groups" and those who have impairments of basic writing skills formation.

The implementation of reforms in education for children with cognitive development disorders requires that the historical aspect of the educational process should be reconsidered and scientifically justified, as well as the accomplishments of Ukrainian defectology should be creatively used. The relevance of the research lies in the need to overcome the fragmentarity of historical and pedagogical knowledge about the creation and development of textbooks for children with cognitive development disorders in Ukraine to justify and determine its characteristics and roles in modern correctional pedagogy. The research aims to identify the prerequisites for the emergence and the features of such processes as the creation and development of textbooks for children with cognitive development disorders in Ukraine in the period under study, as well as to highlight the scientific and practical value of the available accomplishments in the field to further improve such books for these children under modern conditions. Research methods include theoretical analysis; synthesis; comparison; systematization and classification of data from archival sources; historical-and-genetic, comparative, chronological, biographical methods; periodization; retrospective analysis. The research identifies and justifies the stages in the development of textbooks for children with cognitive development disorders in Ukraine, whose sequence is related to the development and reforms in the special education system, the elaboration of concepts, theoretical and methodological principles of education of children with cognitive development disorders, as well as the changes in organizational-and-pedagogical and scientific-and-pedagogical aspects. The research concludes that Ukrainian researchers and practicians regularly work on the improvement of textbooks' content.

The article notes that remedial and compensatory focus of the teaching and education of children with visual impairments is the content of all educational activities in the institutions with special education that is implemented during the formation of competences necessary for their further socialization. An important value acquired by the use of folk toy becomes more important in correctional and educational work of Ukrainian special educational institutions for primary school age children with visual impairments, which helps to eliminate secondary deviation, resulting from the impairment. It is noted that the low level of activity with a folk toy among elementary schoolchildren with visual impairments is related to the fact that it did not find its proper place in the educational process of special schools for a number of reasons. The experimental method of art competence formed around Ukrainian folk toys in primary schools for students with low vision, which depends on the creation of optimal educational environment in a special educational institution, is described. In the design of the educational environment, the appropriate organizational and didactic pedagogical conditions for the formation of components (cognitive, activity, emotional) of visual competence about Ukrainian folk toys for pupils with reduced vision were determined. The proposed experimental methodology, including seminars, workshops, trainings, etc., favoured the increase of teachers’ professional competence level in using Ukrainian folk toys in corrective work with children that have monistic sight. An example of the content and organization of several topics of the workshop «Ukrainian Folk Toy», which became the main form of work on the formation of components of artistic competence, is presented. The effectiveness of the experimental training technique is proved.

Introduction. Over the past three decades, the views on the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women have not undergone any changes. However, the majority of randomized clinical trials concerning the treatment of pathients with this nosology are of low methodological quality and date back to the 60-80s. Since then, diagnostic and treatment protocols have changed dramatically, so the quality of the evidence base is low. In a recent Scandinavian study of higher methodological quality, there was no clear benefit of antibiotic therapy in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Material and methods. This publication is devoted to the interim results of a study that analyzed the efficacy and safety of herbal medicinal product Canephron® N in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in 29 pregnant women aged 22 to 34 years at a gestation period of 14-28 weeks. When included in the study, as well as on days 14, 30 and 60, the following laboratory control was performed: general urine analysis, urine bacteriological examination, clinical analysis of vaginal smears, analysis of vaginal microbiota by quantitative PCR Results. In the group of our patients, the distributions by age and gestational age differed from normal, the mean values are presented by the median and were 29 years and 14 weeks, respectively. Already had children – 13 (44.8%) women. In total, 35 microorganisms were isolated in a diagnostically significant titer. Most of the representatives of the Enterococcaceae family were traditionally 57.1%. At the time of inclusion, the median pyuria was 2.5 μl and exceeded the reference values only in 10.3% of patients. Clinical examination of vaginal smears revealed no inflammatory changes. However, an assessment of the vaginal microbiota showed the presence of dysbiosis due to an increase in the amount of obligate-anaerobic microflora in 58.6% and vaginal candidiasis in 10.3% of pregnant women. After 2 months, the 28 pregnant women remaining in the study had no episodes of symptomatic urinary infection. During the herbal drug therapy, there was a decrease in diagnostically significant bacteriuria and signs of the inflammatory process in all patients. The frequency of vaginal dysbiosis was recorded in 10.7% of pregnant women (р>0,05). Conclusion. Thus, our preliminary results shows that the use of Canephron N in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) may be an effective alternative approach comparing the use of antibiotics. The treatment with Canephron N promotes the normalization of the urinary tract microflora and save the intactness of the saprophytic flora, in contrast to antibacterial drugs, and this is especially important in the paradigm of the antibiotics stewardship and the fight against growing antibiotic resistance. Comparative results of the use of antibacterial agents and Canephron N will be analyzed in the next publication, on the basis of which final conclusions will be drawn about the advisability of using herbal medicines to control bacteriuria in pregnant women Conclusion. We have obtained encouraging results from the use of Canephron-N® in patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant. To obtain an evidence base of a recommendatory level, it is advisable to increase the number of observations.

У статті висвітлено результати корпусного аналізу ідіолекту молодих американців у романах Донни Тартт «Щиголь» і «Таємна історія». Згідно з типологічно-аплікативною специфікою текстових корпусів аналізовані підкорпуси текстів романів «Щиголь» і «Таємна історія» схарактеризовано як спеціалізовані, письмові, одномовні, статичні, нерозмічені та неповнотекстові. Методи корпусної лінгвістики займають значне місце у вивченні мови персонажів художніх творів, створюють перспективи для нових лінгвістичних досліджень, дозволяють проаналізувати зміни, які відбуваються у мові під впливом екстралінгвістичних факторів. Зазначено, що літературні герої є носіями специфічних рис національної ментальності, які транслюють певну культуру та стиль світосприйняття. Встановлено, що мова головних персонажів у романі «Щиголь» насичена сленгом, скороченнями, нецензурною лексикою та словами на позначення пагубних звичок (алкоголю та наркотиків). У романі «Таємна історія» молоді люди освічені та цікавляться античним світом і літературою, тож їхня мова рясніє інтелектуальними бесідами, метафорами, складними конструкціями та словами, пов'язаними з навчанням у коледжі; вони також вживають нецензурну лексику та часто розмовляють про випивку й наркотичні речовини. З'ясовано, що у підкорпусі роману «Щиголь» молоді люди частіше використовують нецензурну лексику (221 збіг), ніж у підкорпусі «Таємна історія» (61 збіг). В обох аналізованих романах мова головних героїв насичена вираженням негативних характеристик людини. Окреслено, що мова американських молодих людей є динамічною, а її лексичний склад можна вважати одним із найбільш рухомих лінгвістичних явищ і способів поповнення словникового складу американського варіанту англійської мови. Ключові слова: ідіолект, мовна особистість, корпус, методи корпусної лінгвістики, романи Донни Тартт, типологічно-аплікативна специфіка текстових корпусів.