2014
DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402635
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Formation of Intermetallic Compounds by Reactive Metal–Support Interaction: A Frequently Encountered Phenomenon in Catalysis

Abstract: This Review discusses the structural and catalytic aspects of the recently introduced reactive metal-support interaction. This special term was coined to account for the inability of the original concept of the strong metal-support interaction to accurately describe the structural, compositional, and electronic changes frequently occurring in oxide-supported metal particle catalysts at very high temperatures upon reduction in hydrogen, in many cases leading to intermetallic compound or substitutional alloy for… Show more

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Cited by 127 publications
(118 citation statements)
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References 181 publications
(415 reference statements)
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“…To sum up, CeO 2 and specially La 2 O 3 are unstable at the reaction conditions, while ZnO is quite stable and, in addition, metallic function also changes during reaction, since an increase in Pt metal particle and/or alloying is observed in the spent catalysts. This Pt:Zn alloy provide a new catalyst surface with different properties and, according to Penner et al, the formation of an intermetallic compound can stabilise the metal particle in terms of morphology and crystallography [50].…”
Section: Characterization Of Spent Catalystsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To sum up, CeO 2 and specially La 2 O 3 are unstable at the reaction conditions, while ZnO is quite stable and, in addition, metallic function also changes during reaction, since an increase in Pt metal particle and/or alloying is observed in the spent catalysts. This Pt:Zn alloy provide a new catalyst surface with different properties and, according to Penner et al, the formation of an intermetallic compound can stabilise the metal particle in terms of morphology and crystallography [50].…”
Section: Characterization Of Spent Catalystsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Besides maintaining metal particle sizes as small as possible by blocking particle migration or encountering Ostwald ripening, one of the most typical SMSI characteristics is the occurrence of an oxide thin layer onto the metal nanoparticles in a metal/oxide catalyst subjected to a reduction condition (Fu & Wagner, ), correlated with electron transferring between the metal and oxide (Bruix et al ., ; Campbell, ; Liu et al ., ), as shown in Figure . The encapsulated layer of oxide, which may be catalytically correlated (Cargnello et al ., ; Fu et al ., ; Divins et al ., ; Penner & Armbrüster, ). Accurate resolving of the SMSI states will allow for re‐establishing nano/microscale chemistry.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…7 These include, for instance, Pt-, Pd-, Rh-based nanoalloys in combination with Ce, Ga, Ge, Si, Al, Sn, In, V, and Ti metals. 7 Surpassing the SMSI conditions, however, oen introduces a high level of complexity associated with the poorly dened composition and structure of both the oxide and the supported intermetallic phase. In regard to the potential application of supported nanoalloys in catalysis, it is therefore highly desired to control the reactive metal-support interaction at the nanoscale.…”
Section: 9-15mentioning
confidence: 99%