Formation of Traumatic Phloem Resin Canals in Chamaecyparis Obtusa

Abstract

Anatomical changes in traumatic phloem resin canal formation induced in Chamaecyparis obtusa S. ' Z. were examined periodically after mechanical wounding. Five to seven days after wounding, the parenchyma cells close or closest to the cambium at the time of injury expand radially, and then between the seventh to the ninth day, the expanding parenchyma cells developed into tangential rows. Some of the cells simultaneously divided periclinally within nine to fifteen days after being wounded. Moreover, derivatives schizogenously separated from each other and continued to divide. The spaces were enlarged by tangential and radial division of parenchyma cells. The axial and ray parenchyma cells divided mainly periclinally and also anticlinally to form canals, and eventually, circular or elliptic resin canals c. 100 to 200 µm in diameter in regular tangential rows, separated by ray cells. Traumatic phloem resin canals form a tangentially anastomosing network.

Traumatic oil glands induced by pruning in the wound-associated phloem of Eucalyptus globulus : chemistry and histology

“…For example, the developmental anatomy, chemistry and physiology of induced specialized secretory structure known as resin cysts, blisters and ducts has been extensively studied in Pinaceae, particularly in response to bark beetle attacks and their associated pathogenic fungi as recently reviewed by Lieutier (2002). However, in the developmental anatomy studies, regardless of where the specialized secretory structures were induced in secondary xylem or phloem, they were reported to either develop from the hypertrophic dedifferentiation of extant tissue (Yamanaka 1989) or from the meristematic activity of the vascular cambium (Babu et al 1987) at the time of wounding or treatment. In the case of eucalypts, the traumatic oil glands were detected in the new wound tissue formed sometime after wounding that was later included in the phloem.…”

Concentrations of lignin and wall-bound ferulic acid after wounding in the phloem of Chamaecyparis obtusa

“…In the phloem of conifers, many defense responses including the lignification of cell walls, the formation of necrophylactic periderm (Woodward and Pearce 1988;Woodward 1992;Oven and Torelli 1994), the accumulation of polyphenols (Brignolas et al 1995;Klepzig et al 1995;Franceschi et al 2000;Kusumoto and Suzuki 2003), and the formation of traumatic resin canals (Yamanaka 1989) are induced by mechanical injury and infection by fungi and insects. Lignification of cell walls is regarded as a key event for induced resistance against pathogens in many herbaceous and woody plants (Vance et al 1980).…”

A Suspension Culture Method for the Rapid Mass Culture of Cistella japonica Mycelium

“…In our inoculation tests, exudation of resin was observed in C. obtusa inoculated with C. japonica as well as in the control. We consider the following three reasons for the exudation of resin from one spot in the control: (i) mechanical wounding resulting in the exudation of resin from the resin canal (Yamanaka, 1989; Kuroda, 1998); (ii) natural infection with C. japonica (Suto and Ougi, 1999); and (iii) induction of exudation by an inoculation that is vertically below the control spot as artificial inoculation with C. japonica could result in the formation of a resin canal even at a vertical distance of 20 cm from the inoculation spot (Suto, 1998). Exudation by an inoculation vertically below the control spot can be avoided if the control bore is separated sufficiently from the inoculation bore (e.g.…”