Formation of β Polymorphs in Milk Fats with Large Differences in Triacylglycerol Profiles

Tzompa‐Sosa, Daylan A.; Ramel, P; Valenberg, H.J.F. van; Aken, George A. van

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05737

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The variability within repetitions was lower than 10% (data not shown). [1,21] Other studies on MF TAG have also reported the absence of saturated TAG with 54 carbons [4,14,22] or have reported small relative concentrations of it. Figures S1 and S2, Supporting Information show the spectra of winter and summer MF, respectively.…”

Section: Triacylglycerol Profiling Of Summer and Winter Mfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triacylglycerol Profile of Summer and Winter Bovine Milk Fat and the Feasibility of Triacylglycerol Fragmentation

Tzompa‐Sosa

Meurs

Valenberg

2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Bovine milk fat (MF) is considered to be one of the most complex fats, as it can consist of 400 FA which are non‐randomly esterified into the TAG molecule. This study aims to determine specific differences on MF TAG profile between summer and winter cow's milk, and to study the feasibility of TAG fragmentation on non‐chemically hydrogenated MF using MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS with post source decay. The most notable discrimination between summer and winter MF is seen in polyunsaturated TAG, which are more abundant in summer. The feasibility of MF TAG fragmentation in non‐chemically hydrogenated TAG is assessed using bulk MF and TAG previously separated according to degree of unsaturation. This last approach shows to be the most suitable. We show that sample concentration and abundance ratio with neighboring TAG affects TAG fragmentation. Non‐chemically hydrogenated MF TAG has not been previously fragmented. Furthermore, this is the first time that the conditions affecting TAG fragmentation in MF are reported. Practical Application: TAG constitute the fundamental unit of fat crystals. Hence, fat crystal network is affected by variations in TAG profile. Understanding the variability of MF TAG profile between seasons may help to explain differences on crystallization behavior seen through the year in industrial processes. Moreover, TAG fragmentation allows determination of FA composition of individual TAG. This information is needed when studying the mechanism of FA acylation into TAG. For instance, when studying the effect of genetic variation of diacylglycerol acyl transferase isomer one in cows. The reported technique increases the capacity of MALDI‐TOF MS in lipidomic analysis. This study aims to determine specific differences in milk‐fat triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles between summer and winter cow's milk, and to study the feasibility of TAG fragmentation on non‐chemically hydrogenated milk fat using MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS with post source decay.

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Section: Triacylglycerol Profiling Of Summer and Winter Mfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now, about 220 species of TAG ranging from 22 to 54 carbons and with up to six double bonds have been identified in MF. [4] Furthermore, MF TAG profiles are relevant for understanding MF synthesis. For these reasons, bovine MF is considered one of the more complex natural fats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triacylglycerol Profile of Summer and Winter Bovine Milk Fat and the Feasibility of Triacylglycerol Fragmentation

Tzompa‐Sosa

Meurs

Valenberg

2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…It is widely recognized that TAG profile determines the physicochemical properties of milk fat [10,11,12,13], which are important for the processing and quality of dairy products. In addition, TAG structure could affect the absorption efficiency of fatty acids by infants [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation of Triacylglycerol Profile of Bovine Milk

et al. 2017

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Milk contains 3–6% of fat, of which the dominant component is triacylglycerol (TAG). Over 100 TAG groups can be readily detected in any non-enriched milk sample by LC-MS; most TAG groups contain several isomers (TAG molecules with different fatty acid composition), which cannot be fully resolved chromatographically by any single stationary phase. TAG profile of mature milk from 19 cows was surveyed in this study for eight consecutive months using RP-LC-Orbitrap MS. It was found that TAG profile of milk was not constant throughout the milking season and the seasonal pattern varied with TAG groups. The overall unsaturation level of TAG was stable from October 2013 to January 2014, decreased in February/March 2014 and then increased from April and peaked in May 2014. In addition to the seasonal fluctuation in TAG profile, the proportion of different isomeric species within a TAG group also changed substantially across seasons. However, the proportion of different positional isomers within a given TAG group does not seem to vary during the milking season. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the seasonal change of milk lipid at the TAG group and isomer level.

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“…In the experiments reported in Chapter 2 and 5 of this thesis, this ratio was affected by some of the dietary treatments applied. The TAG profile also affects solid fat content of milk (Tzompa-Sosa et al, 2016b). From a milk processing perspective, highly unsaturated milk fat with a low C16:0/C18:1cis-9 ratio is less desired.…”

Section: Effect On Milk Processing Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid fat is an important processing parameter, because it positively influences sensory perception, functionality and structure of fat-rich foods (e.g. muffins, puff pastry, ice cream) (Tzompa-Sosa et al, 2016b). The alteration in milk FA profile towards more unsaturated fatty acids upon feeding DHA is, therefore, desirable from a human health perspective, but not from a processing perspective.…”

Section: Effect On Milk Processing Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Emission Feed : using feed additives to decrease methane production in dairy cows

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SUMMARYResearch into manipulating methane (CH 4 ) production as a result of enteric fermentation in ruminants currently receives global interest. Using feed additives may be a feasible strategy to mitigate CH 4 as they are supplied in such amounts that the basal diet composition will not be largely affected. The latter is relevant because ruminants have the capacity to convert human inedible feedstuffs into human edible energy and protein.However, the application of CH 4 mitigation feed additives may be hampered by several negative side effects including trade-offs with other environmental impacts, negative effects on animal performance, and lack of persistency of the mitigating effect. The research described in this thesis addresses both the mitigating effect of feed additives as well as its persistency. The main focus was on investigating additivity of the CH 4 mitigating effect of feed additives, on the adaptation of rumen microbes to long term feeding of feed additives, and on exploring the potential of rotational feeding of additives to avoid (or reduce) microbial adaptation.In an experiment with lactating dairy cows in climate respiration chambers to study potential interactions between the effects of feeding nitrate and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3) on enteric CH 4 production, the effects of nitrate and DHA on CH 4 yield [g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)] and CH 4 intensity [g/kg fat-and protein-corrected milk (FPCM)], were additive (Chapter 2). Nitrate decreased CH 4 irrespective of the unit in which it was expressed, and the average decline in CH 4 emission corresponds to 85% of the stoichiometric potential of nitrate to decrease CH 4 . Feeding DHA had no effect on CH 4 yield, but resulted in a higher CH 4 intensity, because of milk fat depression. The interaction effect between nitrate and DHA on fiber digestibility indicated that negative effects of nitrate on apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients were alleviated by DHA, probably due to an altered feed intake pattern.Using an isotope measurement protocol in the same study, it was demonstrated that effects of nitrate as a CH 4 mitigating feed additive on fiber degradation in the rumen can be detected by evaluating diurnal patterns of 13 C enrichment of exhaled CO 2 (Chapter 3).Feeding nitrate, but not DHA, resulted in a pronounced increase in 13 C enrichment of CO 2 in the first 3 to 4 h after feeding only. Results support the hypothesis that effects of a feed additive on the rate of fiber degradation in the rumen can be detected by evaluating diurnal patterns of 13 C enrichment of CO 2 . A prerequisite for this detection method is that the main ration components differ in natural 13 C enrichment (e.g., C3 and C4 plants), and in content of the nutrients that are expected to be involved in a shift in fermentation (e.g., starch and fiber) or in degradability of a nutrient.In a combined in vivo and in vitro trial, the adaptation to CH 4 mitigating feed additives, viz.an essential oil blend or lauric acid (C12:0), compared with a control diet...

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Formation of β Polymorphs in Milk Fats with Large Differences in Triacylglycerol Profiles

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Triacylglycerol Profile of Summer and Winter Bovine Milk Fat and the Feasibility of Triacylglycerol Fragmentation

Triacylglycerol Profile of Summer and Winter Bovine Milk Fat and the Feasibility of Triacylglycerol Fragmentation

Seasonal Variation of Triacylglycerol Profile of Bovine Milk

Low Emission Feed : using feed additives to decrease methane production in dairy cows

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