Formulation and evaluation of medicated chewing gum as antiplaque and antibacterial agent

Abstract

Aim:The aim of this study was to formulate chewing gum using chlorhexidine and chitosan and to prove its antibacterial and antiplaque properties effectively at low doses of chlorhexidine. Materials and Methods: Chewing gums were prepared by using chlorhexidine and various proportions of gum base and chitosan. Hot melt technique was used to prepare chewing gums. The prepared gums were evaluated for physical parameters, compatibility studies, drug content, moisture content, stability studies and in vitro drug-release testing. To carry out in vivo study on humans double-blind, crossover clinical trial was conducted on 18 adult volunteers from Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College, Mysore. The test group administered chewing gums containing chlorhexidine, with and without the polymer, while the control group administered dummy chewing gums. The volunteers were visually examined for presence or absence of gingival erythema, gingival edema and gingival bleeding and the antibacterial activity was assessed by the reduction in bacterial count in the plaque samples. Result: As the proportion of gum base was increased, an increase in hardness of the chewing gum was observed. The formulation, which contains highest concentration of chitosan, showed more in vitro release compared to other formulation. Analysis of variance revealed signifi cant differences between subjects receiving F1 and F5 for antiplaque activity. The post plaque samples results showed signifi cant reduction in microbial count (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The in vivo studies on human volunteers were carried out for optimized formulation F5 containing chitosan and antibacterial agent which showed a better reduction in the bacterial count and gingival index. The dose of chlorhexidine can be reduced signifi cantly when used along with chitosan. Chitosan containing chewing gum has a greater antibacterial effect compared with gums containing only chlorhexidine.

Elevation of the Inhibitory Action of Standard Antimicrobials (Ciprofloxacin and Chlorhexidine) by some Natural Materials against Three Periodontal Pathogens

“…The concentration will be higher at time of application, but the level will be diminished after fewer later. The prolong use of CHX has also a toxic effect on gingival fibroblast (Lakshmi et al, 2014). As a systemic administration, the oral dose of 500 mg of CIP is prescribed twice daily which reaches human GCF in a mean level of 0.00338 mg/ml after 2hr.…”

Manufacturing of Medicate Chewing Gum Against Oral Pathogens by the Extract of Seeds of Lepidium sativum L.

“…Phenols are either small molecules such as phenolic acids or high polymerization compounds such as tannins [29]. The drug-polymer ratio was found to affect the drug release characteristics of the prepared chewing gums, at higher drug-polymer ratio, the drug release from the chewing gums was faster as compared to lower drug polymer ratio, this was because the high drug-polymer ratio promotes the increase saliva uptake and lead to the greater solubilization of the drug present in the polymer matrix causing faster diffusion of drug through the gum base (30). Shows the results of the statistical analysis of the organoleptic properties of the chewing gum, which are treated with different concentrations of the SLS extract compared with the control (without adding the extract).…”

An emerging technique of medicated chewing gum in drug delivery system: a review

“…Two different formulations of acetylsalicylic acid must be chosen to test bioavailability: a medicated chewing gum and an unbuffered tablet formulation. Chewing gum formulations have been demonstrated to have a higher absorption rate than pill formulations, resulting in faster pain relief [46]. 4.…”