Four-dimensional entanglement distribution over 100 km

Ikuta, Takuya; Takesue, Hiroki

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-19078-z

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…High-dimensional optical states 25,26,[49][50][51] can open the door to deterministically carry out various quantum operations in relatively large Hilbert spaces, 52 as well as enable higher encoding efficiency in quantum communication protocols, such as quantum key distribution 22 and quantum teleportation. 16,53 We have demonstrated deterministic single-and two-qudit gates using the time and frequency degrees of freedom of a single photon for encoding-operating on up to 256 (2 8 )-dimensional Hilbert spaces-and carried out these gates with a high computationalspace fidelity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-dimensional optical quantum logic in large operational spaces

et al. 2019

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The probabilistic nature of single-photon sources and photon-photon interactions encourages encoding as much quantum information as possible in every photon for the purpose of photonic quantum information processing. Here, by encoding highdimensional units of information (qudits) in time and frequency degrees of freedom using on-chip sources, we report deterministic two-qudit gates in a single photon with fidelities exceeding 0.90 in the computational basis. Constructing a two-qudit modulo SUM gate, we generate and measure a single-photon state with nonseparability between time and frequency qudits. We then employ this SUM operation on two frequency-bin entangled photons-each carrying two 32-dimensional qudits-to realize a four-party high-dimensional Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state, occupying a Hilbert space equivalent to that of 20 qubits. Although highdimensional coding alone is ultimately not scalable for universal quantum computing, our design shows the potential of deterministic optical quantum operations in large encoding spaces for practical and compact quantum information processing protocols.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-dimensional optical quantum logic in large operational spaces

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, T. Ikuta and H. Takesue reported in Ref. [160] the distribution of four-dimensional time-bin entangled quantum states between separated users located at 100 km distance. As reported by these experiments, time-bin and timeenergy encoding are very convenient ways to generate and propagate high-dimensional quantum states in SMFs-these degrees of freedom are stable throughout optical fiber transmission and require fairly simple setups-but present some limitations.…”

Section: Fiber-based Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Ikuta and Takesue reported in ref. [] the distribution of 4D time‐bin entangled quantum states between separated users located at 100 km distance.…”

Section: Quantum Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Dimensional Quantum Communication: Benefits, Progress, and Future Challenges

et al. 2019

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In recent years, there has been a rising interest in high‐dimensional quantum states and their impact on quantum communication. Indeed, the availability of an enlarged Hilbert space offers multiple advantages, from larger information capacity and increased noise resilience, to novel fundamental research possibilities in quantum physics. Multiple photonic degrees of freedom have been explored to generate high‐dimensional quantum states, both with bulk optics and integrated photonics. Furthermore, these quantum states have been propagated through various channels, for example, free‐space links, single‐mode, multicore, and multimode fibers, and also aquatic channels, experimentally demonstrating the theoretical advantages over 2D systems. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art on the generation, propagation, and detection of high‐dimensional quantum states is reviewed. Quantum communication with states living in d‐dimensional Hilbert spaces, qudits, yields great benefits. However, qudits generation, transmission, and detection is not a simple task to accomplish. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art on the generation, propagation, and measurement of high‐dimensional quantum states, highlighting their advantages, issues, and future perspectives.

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“…For example, using OAM is easier to expand the dimension 18 , but the fidelity of the preparation and operation is lower 19 and the long-distance distribution is more difficult 20 . The advantage of time bin DoF is that it is more suitable for long-distance distribution 21 , however, it is difficult to implement arbitrary unitary operations on time bins. The path DoF has a very high fidelity and is easy to manipulate 22,23 , and its dimension scalability 16 and long-distance distribution were also demonstrated 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental creation of multi-photon high-dimensional layered quantum states

Xing

Zhang

et al. 2020

npj Quantum Inf

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Quantum entanglement is one of the most important resources in quantum information. In recent years, the research of quantum entanglement mainly focused on the increase in the number of entangled qubits or the high-dimensional entanglement of two particles. Compared with qubit states, multipartite high-dimensional entangled states have beneficial properties and are powerful for constructing quantum networks. However, there are few studies on multipartite high-dimensional quantum entanglement due to the difficulty of creating such states. In this paper, we experimentally prepared a multipartite high-dimensional state $$\left|{\Psi }_{442}\right\rangle =\frac{1}{2}(\left|000\right\rangle +\left|110\right\rangle +\left|221\right\rangle +\left|331\right\rangle )$$ Ψ 442 = 1 2 ( 000 + 110 + 221 + 331 ) by using the path mode of photons. We obtain the fidelity F = 0.854 ± 0.007 of the quantum state, which proves a real multipartite high-dimensional entangled state. Finally, we use this quantum state to demonstrate a layered quantum network in principle. Our work highlights another route toward complex quantum networks.

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Four-dimensional entanglement distribution over 100 km

Cited by 42 publications

References 46 publications

High-dimensional optical quantum logic in large operational spaces

High-dimensional optical quantum logic in large operational spaces

High‐Dimensional Quantum Communication: Benefits, Progress, and Future Challenges

Experimental creation of multi-photon high-dimensional layered quantum states

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