FPGA‐based active disturbance rejection control and maximum power point tracking for a photovoltaic system

Guerrero‐Ramirez, Esteban; Martínez, A.; Contreras-Ordaz, Marco Antonio; Guerrero-Ramírez, G.V.

doi:10.1002/2050-7038.12398

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The simpler control structure (ie, no requirement for a voltage controller) is the obvious reason why numerous researchers preferred to implement their proposed MPPT algorithms with the direct method. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] This is in contrast to the indirect control, in which a voltage controller is mandatory. Despite this fact, the indirect method is very popular, as evident by the number of researchers that have opted to use it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of maximum power point trackers performance using direct and indirect control methods

Kermadi

Mekhilef

Salam

et al. 2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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The direct and indirect control methods are commonly used for maximum power point tracker (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Due to the absence of the literature that assess their performance in a comprehensive way, this work attempts to analyze the effectiveness of both control methods for the perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm. The MATLAB/Simulink simulation is verified experimentally using a PV array simulator and the dSPACE DS1104 DSP board driving a buck-boost converter. The results show that the indirect method exhibits lower steady-state oscillation and is less sensitive to rapid irradiance change and load variations. It increases the steady-state efficiency by 1.6%. Furthermore, under irradiance and load step changes, the transient efficiency increases by 29% and 30%, respectively. Based on these findings, it is envisaged that the indirect method is more suitable to be used as the controller in conjunction with the MPPT algorithm. K E Y W O R D S direct control, indirect control, maximum power point tracking, perturb and observe, photovoltaic system LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS: Φ D , duty cycle perturbation; Φ V , voltage perturbation; D, duty cycle; D MPP , optimum duty cycle; D ref , reference duty cycle; G, irradiance; PV, photovoltaic; P&O, perturb and observe; P act , actual measured output power; P act , actual measured voltage; P pre , previous value for power; MPPT, maximum power point tracking; MPP, maximum power point; V PV , photovoltaic voltage; V ref , reference voltage; V pre , previous value for voltage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of maximum power point trackers performance using direct and indirect control methods

Kermadi

Mekhilef

Salam

et al. 2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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“…A combination of low-cost development, suitable software tools, and certainly important integration density forms the built generic components. At present, several electrical system applications in power converter control using FPGA are reported [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FPGA-Based Hardware in the Loop of Optimized Synergetic Controller for Active Power Filter

Bey

Krim

Gherouat

2023

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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This paper presents a discrete-time synergetic controller (DTSC) enhanced with ant colony optimization (ACO) technique for a shunt active power filter (SAPF). The developed controller is designed under MATLAB/Simulink environment; then, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) in the loop (FIL) technique is used to implement the DTSC model. The proposed DTSC parameters are optimally tuned according to ACO methodology. The DTSC-ACO should enhance power quality and eliminate grid current harmonics using an indirect current-controlled three-phase SAPF. Note that, the designed FPGA controller integrates the items needed to drive the SAPF. This digital implementation satisfies the hardware and recommended performance. In fact, it reduces significant resources and execution time. The experimental validation is carried out on Virtex-6 ML605 FPGA Xilinx Evaluation Kit using VIVADO processing. A total harmonic distortion (THD = 2.72%) is obtained for the grid current. Thus, the results obtained confirm proper operation of the developed approach. In addition, the proposed DTSC shows good dynamic performance during load step change and output voltage variation.

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“…This control technique is called Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC). It consists of a traditional tracking differentiator, a traditional nonlinear state error feedback, and a traditional extended state observer [26][27][28][29][30][31]. Furthermore, another important part of the PV system configuration is the DC-DC converter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Nonlinear Controller for the Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems in Micro Grid Applications Based on Modified Anti-Disturbance Compensation

Azar

Abed

Abdulmajeed³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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In the photovoltaic system, the performance, efficiency, and generated power of the PV system are affected by changes in the environment, disturbances, and parameter variations, and this leads to a deviation from the operating maximum power point (MPP) of the PV system. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to ensure the PV system operates at the maximum power point under the influence of exogenous disturbances and uncertainties, i.e., no matter how the irradiation, temperature, and load of the PV system change, by proposing a maximum power point tracking for the photovoltaic system (PV) based on the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) paradigm. The proposed method provides better performance with excellent tracking for the MPP by controlling the duty cycle of the DC–DC buck converter. Moreover, comparison simulations have been performed between the proposed method and the linear ADRC (LADRC), conventional ADRC, and the improved ADRC (IADRC) to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the simulation results validated the accuracy of the proposed method in tracking the desired value and disturbance/uncertainty attenuation with excellent response and minimum output performance index (OPI).

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FPGA‐based active disturbance rejection control and maximum power point tracking for a photovoltaic system

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Assessment of maximum power point trackers performance using direct and indirect control methods

Assessment of maximum power point trackers performance using direct and indirect control methods

FPGA-Based Hardware in the Loop of Optimized Synergetic Controller for Active Power Filter

A New Nonlinear Controller for the Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems in Micro Grid Applications Based on Modified Anti-Disturbance Compensation

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