Frailty prevalence and related factors in the older adult—FrailTURK Project

Abstract

Frailty is one of the geriatric syndromes and has an important relationship with mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study is to present the characteristics, prevalence, and related factors of frailty in older adults in our country. The study included 1126 individuals over 65 years of age from 13 centers. Frailty was evaluated using the Fried Frailty criteria, and patients were grouped as Bfrail,^Bpre-frail,^and Bnon-frail.N utritional status was assessed with BMini Nutritional Test,^psychological status with the BCenter for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-CES-D,^and additional diseases with the "Charlson Comorbidity index." Approximately 66.5 % of the participants were between 65 and 74 years of age and 65.7 % were AGE (2015) women. Some 39.2 and 43.3 % of the participants were rated as frail and pre-frail, respectively. The multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with frailty. It was observed that age, female gender, low education level, being a housewife, living with the family, being sedentary, presence of an additional disease, using 4 or more drugs/day, avoiding to go outside, at least one visit to any emergency department within the past year, hospitalization within the past year, non-functional ambulation, and malnutrition increased the risk of frailty (p<0.05). Establishing the factors associated with frailty is highly important for both clinical practice and national economy. This is the first study on this subject in our country and will provide guidance in determining treatment strategies.

Associations between frailty syndrome and sociodemographic characteristics in long-lived individuals of a community

“…This result differs from those of other studies that observed this relationship among older adults who lived with family members 25 and those living alone 2 , 4 , 7 . Social bonds and the support experienced can influence the health maintenance, promoting adaptive behavior in stress situations.…”

Characteristics of physical prefrailty among Japanese healthy older adults

“…In addition, older individuals with higher levels of psychological well‐being tended to be associated with less frailty in the future . Similarly, an association between frailty and depression has been observed in outpatient clinics . In the present study, we observed that the presence of depressed mood was associated with prefrailty status.…”

“…18 Similarly, an association between frailty and depression has been observed in outpatient clinics. 19 In the present study, we observed that the presence of depressed mood was associated with prefrailty status. Additionally, more than 20% of the participants with prefrailty had low physical activity, which was the main domain defined in prefrailty.…”

Nutritional determinants of frailty in older adults: A systematic review

“…Cohen’s d ES for mean scores was 0.75El Zoghbi et al, 2014 [36]Cross-sectionalAsia (Lebanon); n  = 111; ≥65 years; 50.4% womenInstitutionalized older adultsSOF index [51, 52]MNA® [41]37.9% frailty and 36.9% pre-frailty;12.6% malnourishment and 48.7% at risk of malnutritionThe MNA score was inversely associated with the SOF Frailty Index (standardized beta coefficient − 0.18, 95% CI -1.46- -0.13). Mean scores comparison: small Cohen’s d ES (0.24) in malnutrition vs. risk of malnutrition, medium ES (0.65) in malnutrition vs. normal, and large ES (0.89) in risk of malnutrition vs. normalEyigor et al, 2015 [26]Cross-sectionalEurope (Turkey); n  = 1126; age range (65–85 years); 65.7% womenCommunity-dwelling older adults (living on their own or in a family house) and those living in nursing homesFried frailty phenotype [3]MNA® [41]39.2% frailty and 43.3% pre-frailty; 5% malnutrition and 27.5% at risk of malnutritionMalnutrition increased the risk of frailty (OR 48.545, 95% CI 6.647–354.554). Large Hasselblad & Hedges’ d ES (0.89).Jürschik et al, 2014 [30]LongitudinalEurope (Spain); n  = 640; age, mean ± SD: 81.3 ± 5.0 years; 60.3% womenCommunity-dwelling older adults from the FRALLE surveySlightly modified Fried frailty phenotype [3]: changes in metrics to characterize frailty [55]MNA®, MNA-SF® [41]9.6% frailty and 47% pre-frailty; 1.9% malnutrition and 19.8% at risk of malnutritionBoth the MNA (0.75, p  < 0.001) and the MNA-SF (0.80, p  < 0.001) were accurate in identifying frailty.…”