France: A continental insularity

Audouze, Françoise; Leroi‐Gourhan, André

doi:10.1080/00438243.1981.9979824

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Post-Independence Archaeology: The Persistence of Empiricism (1960's-1980's) While the post-1960 period was the stage of a general internationalization of Francophone archaeology, resulting in fruitful scholarly exchange in Mali, Mauritania and Guinea, such changes were long to develop in Senegal, whose archaeological agenda mirrored that of France in its insularity, normative approach to culture and historical particularism (Audouze and Leroi-Gourhan 1981;Devisse 1981;Scarre 1999). These concerns were reflected in the use of the 'aire culturelle' (cultural area) to re-arrange and re-organize the Senegalese archaeological landscape so as to delineate regional cultural traditions (Mauny 1957b(Mauny , 1961.…”

Section: Nationalist Revisionism: Cheikh Anta Diop's Programmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Much like the French Palaeolithic tradition from which it directly descends (de Barros 1990: 156-157), Senegambian archaeology developed as a 'science of observation' (Audouze and Leroi-Gourhan 1981;Devisse 1981), marginally interested in theoretical issues or reflective epistemology, yet more concerned with empirical description, and tightly connected with 'history' (Cleuziou et al 1991;Olivier and Coudart 1995;Scarre 1999). Its subordination to history endowed Iron Age studies in the western Sahel with a distinct medievalist and city-centric flavor, particularly apparent in the reliance on single documented sites with particular bodies of text, and focus on narrow questions designed to verify or complement historical records (McIntosh and McIntosh 1984: 76;de Barros 1990: 156, 162).…”

Section: Archaeological Beginnings and Colonial Amateurism (19th Centmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical and Dialectical Perspectives on the Archaeology of Complexity in the Siin-Saalum (Senegal): Back to the Future?

Richard

2009

Afr Archaeol Rev

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Drawing on recent critiques of evolutionism, this article reviews the history of Iron Age studies in Siin-Saalum (Senegal) to examine the construction of African archaeological knowledge. From the 19th century to the 1980's, analyses of complexity in Senegal have been animated by developmentalist views that have portrayed the regional past as a stagnant backwater. In the past 25 years, however, archaeological research has sought to redress these inaccuracies by exploring the diversity and idiosyncracy of African histories, and the processes behind sociopolitical change. These critical agendas can help us exploit the analytic potential of material culture to reincorporate African societies into the stream of world history, and to use the African past to reevaluate current scenarios of complexity and their applicability to various regions of the globe. To achieve these goals, however, and develop a fully self-reflexive archaeology in Senegal, researchers must eschew moral celebrations of African distinctness and strive instead to document how local pasts owe their particular qualities to complex political-economic articulations with other world societies. Concurrently, we must also attend to the dynamics of historical production in and out of guild circles, and consider our entanglement in the making of contemporary 'culture wars.' Because it is ideally suited to probe the historical and material depth of cultural differences and inequalities, archaeology must take a leading role in dispelling essentialist readings of Africa and promoting democratic knowledges about the continent.Résumé S'inspirant du récent regard critique sur l'évolutionnisme, cette article examine la construction de la connaissance archéologique de l'Afrique à la lumière de l'histoire des études de l'Âge du Fer au Siin-Saalum (Sénégal). Entre le 19e siècle et les années 1980, l'analyse de la complexité au Sénégal a été dominée par des idées développementalistes, qui ont fait un portrait statique du passé régional. Néanmoins, au cours des 25 dernières années, la recherche archéologique s'est efforcée de Afr Archaeol Rev (2009) 26:75-135 redresser ces erreurs en étudiant la diversité et les caractéristiques propres aux histoires africaines, et en retraçant les dynamiques de leurs changements sociopolitiques. Ces nouveaux courants théoriques sont intéressants parce qu'ils s'appuient sur la culture matérielle pour réintégrer les sociétés africaines dans la mouvance de l'histoire mondiale, et sur le passé africain pour tester la pertinence des scénarios de complexité en usage et leur application à d'autres régions du globe. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, et contribuer au développement d'une archéologie plus autocritique, il est toutefois nécessaire de pousser la réflexion archéologique au delà d'un éloge moral des anciennes 'cultures' africaines et s'attacher plutôt à comprendre comment le passé africain s'est construit au cours d'une longue histoire d'intéractions économiques et politiques avec les sociétés du monde. En même temps, nous devons exam...

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Section: Nationalist Revisionism: Cheikh Anta Diop's Programmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Archaeological Beginnings and Colonial Amateurism (19th Centmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical and Dialectical Perspectives on the Archaeology of Complexity in the Siin-Saalum (Senegal): Back to the Future?

Richard

2009

Afr Archaeol Rev

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“…Is this dialogue, between a sociologist and epistemologist of the "historical sciences", and an archaeologist and proponent of a "practical epistemology", an example of the actual inclusion of archaeology in the conceptual network of the social sciences? In short, will this dispute reveal a discrepancy in the accusation of reclusion which is often levelled against archaeology in France (Audouze and Leroi-Gourhan 1981;Guerreau 2001, pp. 142-143;Dufal 2010)?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is an archaeological contribution to the theory of social science possible? Archaeological data and concepts in the dispute between Jean-Claude Gardin and Jean-Claude Passeron

Plutniak

2019

Preprint

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The issue of the definition and position of archaeology as a discipline is examined in relation to the dispute which took place from 1980 to 2009 between the archaeologist Jean-Claude Gardin and the sociologist Jean-Claude Passeron. This case study enables us to explore the actual conceptual relationships between archaeology and the other sciences (as opposed to those wished for or prescribed). The contrasts between the positions declared by the two researchers and the rooting of their arguments in their disciplines are examined: where the sociologist makes use of his philosophical training, the archaeologist relies mainly on his work on semiology and informatics. Archaeology ultimately plays a minor role in the arguments proposed. This dispute therefore cannot be considered as evidence for the movement of concepts between archaeology and the social sciences. A blind spot in the debate, relating to the ontological specificities of archaeological objects, nevertheless presents itself as a possible way of implementing this movement.

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“…Segundo a Embrapa (1982) (1950Leroi-Gourhan & Brèzillion, 1966Pallestrini, 1975;Audouze & Leroi-Gourhan, 1981;Alves, 1988Alves, , 2002Alves, , 2004; entretanto, com adaptações realizadas por Pallestrini para o seu uso em solos tropicais (Pallestrini, 1975).…”

Section: Página60unclassified

“…Além do mais, o método pressupõe que por toda escavação ser um ato destrutivo, dever-se-á adotar técnicas que permitam que todo e qualquer remanescente cultural evidenciado pelas decapagens sejam minuciosamente registrados, com mapeamento, desenhos e fotografias, isto é, registros integrais de sua localização espaço-temporal, de modo que sejam mantidos in loco antes de sua coleta (Audouze & Leroi-Gourhan, 1981 Nessa dissertação sempre nos reportaremos a técnica de escavação por decapagens (nunca decapagens por camadas naturais), uma vez que subentende-se que se trata de intervenções por níveis naturais (Cf. indicação do Prof. Dr. José Luiz de Morais, MAE/USP).…”

Section: Página60unclassified

Cultura material lítica e cerâmica das populações pré-coloniais dos sítios Inhazinha e Rodrigues Furtado, município de Perdizes/MG: estudo das cadeias operatórias

Medeiros¹

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Paleontologia do Museu Nacional/UFRJ, pela amizade e pelas fotografias das lâminas petrográficas. Ao Dr. Fábio Ramos Dias de Andrade, do IGc-USP pelas leituras, interpretação das lâminas petrográficas e a análise pela Difratometria de RX dos elementos cerâmicos dos sítios Inhazinha e Rodrigues Furtado. Ao amigo e Prof. Ms. (já quase Doutor em Arqueologia) Marcelo Fagundes do Museu de Arqueologia de Xingó\UFS, pelo incentivo, discussões, idéias e correções deste trabalho e, principalmente por sua amizade. À mais nova Mestre em Arqueologia de nosso grupo, Maria Bernadete Póvoa, pelo carinho, amizade e pelas palavras de incentivo quando eu mais necessitava.

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France: A continental insularity

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Historical and Dialectical Perspectives on the Archaeology of Complexity in the Siin-Saalum (Senegal): Back to the Future?

Historical and Dialectical Perspectives on the Archaeology of Complexity in the Siin-Saalum (Senegal): Back to the Future?

Is an archaeological contribution to the theory of social science possible? Archaeological data and concepts in the dispute between Jean-Claude Gardin and Jean-Claude Passeron

Cultura material lítica e cerâmica das populações pré-coloniais dos sítios Inhazinha e Rodrigues Furtado, município de Perdizes/MG: estudo das cadeias operatórias

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