Free and complexed anti-lipoprotein antibodies in vascular diseases

Szondy, E; Horvath, M; Mezey, Z; Székely, Judit; Lengyel, E; Füst, G.; Gerö, S

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(83)90008-4

Cited by 47 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The results, showing a higher frequency of anti-ox-LDL antibodies and LDL-ICs in individuals with confirmed atherosclerosis (2,16,31,32), suggest that the immune response to modified LDL may be a secondary phenomenon, possibly contributing to the acceleration of the process. However, we have also detected anti-ox-LDL antibodies in asymptomatic young adults (3), showing that the immune response to modified LDL can precede clinical evidence of arteriosclerosis.…”

Section: Modified Lipoproteins: Their Immunogenicity and Atherogenesismentioning

confidence: 89%

Cytokines, Modified Lipoproteins, and Arteriosclerosis in Diabetes

Lopes‐Virella

Virella²

1996

Diabetes

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Modified lipoproteins, particularly different forms of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), have been reported to elicit humoral immune responses both in experimental animals and humans. In diabetes, glycation and oxidation processes coexist and lead to the formation of glycoxidation products. Ox-LDL has been demonstrated in atheromatous lesions, anti-ox-LDL antibodies have been detected in circulation and in atheromatous plaques, and immune complexes (ICs) formed with LDL and anti-LDL (LDL-IC) have been isolated from the serum of patients with manifestations of atherosclerosis. In addition, in vitro formed LDL-ICs and ICs isolated from patients have been demonstrated to cause intracellular accumulation of cholesteryl esters (CEs) in human macrophages and fibroblasts. The accumulation of CEs in macrophages exposed to LDL-ICs is unique to this type of IC and is associated with paradoxical overexpression of LDL receptor and with increased synthesis and release of interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. The overexpression of LDL receptors is higher in LDL-IC-stimulated macrophages that release markedly high amounts of TNF-alpha than in macrophages that release low amounts of TNF-alpha into the medium. The release of cytokines in the subendothelial space may have a significant role in promoting the interaction of endothelial cells with mononuclear cells, causing endothelial cell damage directly or indirectly, and also in inducing smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thus, in view of the above data, it can be concluded that humoral autoimmunity may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes.

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Section: Modified Lipoproteins: Their Immunogenicity and Atherogenesismentioning

confidence: 89%

Cytokines, Modified Lipoproteins, and Arteriosclerosis in Diabetes

Lopes‐Virella

Virella²

1996

Diabetes

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“…Furthermore, the marked increase in the incidence of immunoglobulins within renal glomeruli and vessel walls in diabetics has long been known (17,18). Of note also are recent reports of an increased incidence in diabetics and older people of autoantibodies directed against LDL (19)(20)(21) (28), galactosemia (29), and secondary to chronic alcohol consumption (26). In addition, specific and nonspecific proteolytic cleavage of many proteins occurs in plasma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoantibodies to glucosylated proteins in the plasma of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Witztum¹,

Steinbrecher²,

Ya³

et al. 1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Nonenzymatic glucosylation interferes with recognition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) by its receptor and markedly decreases the rate of plasma clearance of glucosylated LDL, both in experimental animals and in normal human subjects. However, in selected diabetic subjects we have observed a paradoxical increase in the clearance of glucosylated LDL, suggesting the possibility of immune-mediated clearance. Immunoassay demonstrated antibodies specific for glucosylated LDL in the preinjection plasma of each of four such diabetic subjects studied. These antibodies cross-react with other glucosylated proteins and recognize specifically the glucosylated lysine epitope-i.e., glucitollysine. These data suggest that nonenzymatic glucosylation of plasma or structural proteins may render them immunogenic and result in production of autoantibodies that recognize not only the particular immunogen but also many other glucosylated proteins, including glucosylated tissue proteins. These findings may be relevant to the increased prevalence of immune complexes in plasma of diabetic subjects and the late complications of diabetes mellitus.

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“…Some protein oxidation [3] antibody binding to li poproteins has been shown to accelerate their uptake by intimal macrophages [4,5], Finally, antibodies against lipoproteins and lipopro tein-containing immune complexes have been detected in sera from patients with various vascular diseases [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Serum IgA Levels in Subjects with Previous Myocardial Infarction or Other Major Ischemic Events

Muscari¹,

Bozzoli²,

Puddu³

et al. 1993

Cardiology

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To ascertain whether the increase in serum IgA, which has been found to be associated with the presence of severe atherosclerotic disease, precedes or follows the occurrence of major ischemic events (MIE), we studied the serum levels of IgA as well as IgG and IgM in 145 subjects with acute or previous ischemic events and 34 controls. The subjects with previous myocardial infarction had higher IgA levels with respect to the controls, the patients with angina pectoris and those with acute myocardial infarction, while no significant differences concerning IgG and IgM were found. In the subjects with previous extracoronary events, immunoglobulin levels tended to be even higher. Overall, 30% of the subjects with previous MIE and only 3% of the controls had IgA levels over 4.5 g/l (p = 0.0018). This study indicates that total serum IgA is a marker of previous major ischemic events (protracted immune response to denatured proteins?), rather than a factor predisposing to atherosclerosis development.

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Free and complexed anti-lipoprotein antibodies in vascular diseases

Cited by 47 publications

References 12 publications

Cytokines, Modified Lipoproteins, and Arteriosclerosis in Diabetes

Cytokines, Modified Lipoproteins, and Arteriosclerosis in Diabetes

Autoantibodies to glucosylated proteins in the plasma of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Increased Serum IgA Levels in Subjects with Previous Myocardial Infarction or Other Major Ischemic Events

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