Frequency and Causes of Nonbattle Injuries Air Evacuated from Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom, U.S. Army, 2001–2006

Lower limb flexion posture relates to energy absorption during drop landings with soldier-relevant body borne loads

“…The military is particularly interested in musculoskeletal injury because physical training with body borne loads e such as basic or advanced military training e has been suggested to further elevate the risk of sustaining these injuries (Knapik et al, 2011;Jones et al, 1994). In fact, during military training activities, 82% of musculoskeletal-based disabilities occur in the lower extremity (Almeida et al, 1999), with a majority at the knee joint (Kaufman et al, 2000;Hauret et al, 2010;Shaffer et al, 1999). Knee injuries, such as soft-tissue sprain, strain or rupture, reportedly occur during landing and pivoting maneuvers (Olsen et al, 2004), the same movements that are prevalent during a variety of military training activities (Johnson, 2003).…”

“…Besides the detrimental short-term impact on soldiers' health, musculoskeletal injuries have a high prevalence of reoccurrence (Hauret et al, 2001), which increasingly result in long-term disability and discharge from the military (Gilchrist et al, 2000). Most musculoskeletal conditions, such as soft-tissue or bony disorders, are training-related overuse injuries that result from the cumulative effects of repetitive sub-maximal loads that impact the body during physical activity (Hauret et al, 2010). The military is particularly interested in musculoskeletal injury because physical training with body borne loads e such as basic or advanced military training e has been suggested to further elevate the risk of sustaining these injuries (Knapik et al, 2011;Jones et al, 1994).…”

Development of a Theory-Driven Injury Prevention Communication Strategy for U.S. Army Personnel

“…sprains, stress fractures, dislocations, etc.) caused predominately by sports/physical training, motor vehicle accidents, or falls pose the greatest threat to military readiness (Hauret et al 2010). These injuries are largely preventable, yet yield millions of dollars in health care costs and lost duty days each year .…”

“…More specifically, both acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries, such as fractures, sprains and strains, and inflammation/pain contribute to these medical encounters (Marshall et al 2014;Jones et al 2010). Physical training/sports, falls, and motor vehicle accidents are ranked among the leading causes of injury (Marshall et al 2014;Jones et al 2010;Hauret et al 2010). These activities are largely preventable given proper instruction and implementation of appropriate safeguards.…”

“…Nonfatal injuries are also a significant health and readiness issue in the U.S. Army, resulting in over 1.2 million medical encounters among active duty Soldiers in 2012 (Marshall et al 2014). Injuries are the leading cause of outpatient visits and evacuations from theater Hauret et al, 2010). More specifically, both acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries, such as fractures, sprains and strains, and inflammation/pain contribute to these medical encounters (Marshall et al 2014;Jones et al 2010).…”