Frequency and use of pharmaceuticals in selected Slovakian town via wastewater analysis

Faberová, Milota; Bodı́k, Igor; Ivanová, Lucia; Grabic, Roman; Martı́n, Tomás

doi:10.1007/s00706-016-1853-0

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Pharmaceuticals and personal care products are also called “emerging organic contaminants” [10, 24, 28–33]. Concentrations of pharmaceuticals in wastewater are generally in the range of 1–0.001 µg/dm 3 and their presence in sewage sludge and processed wastewater may be a potential hazard for the environment [34]. Nowadays, the most popular chromatographic methods for analysis of such pollutants in sewage sludge are gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), GC–MS/MS, and high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) [35, 36].…”

Section: Analytical Methods Used For the Development Of Sewage Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it is worth mentioning that with the use of SPE and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) it is possible to determine a vast variety of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, clarithromycin), analgesics (diclofenac), antithrombotics (dipyridamole), antifungals (fluconazole, clotrimazole), antihistaminics (fexofenadine, meclozine), cardiovascular drugs (eprosartan, telmisartan, valsartan), and psychostimulants (tramadol, carbamazepine) in influent wastewater during one analytical procedure. Moreover, the range of analysis, so the lowest and the highest determinable concentrations of abovementioned individuals (2 µg/dm 3 of clotrimazole to 2270 µg/dm 3 of telmisartan) can be considered as satisfactorily wide [34]. The same analytical technique was used for the analysis of 30 psychoactive pharmaceuticals, illegal drugs and their metabolites 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), N -methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB), cotinine, methamphetamine, amphetamine, 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH), cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cathinone, codeine, risperidone, oxycodone, 6-acetylmorphine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 2-oxy-3-hydroxy-LSD (OH-LSD), ketamine, norketamine, mephedrone, methylphenidate, tramadol, midazolam, venlafaxine, oxazepam, citalopram, buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP, methadone) in hospital effluents and wastewater after treatment [37].…”

Section: Analytical Methods Used For the Development Of Sewage Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical and legislative challenges of sewage sludge processing and management

2018

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This article presents the most popular methods of sewage sludge management and analytical techniques which could be a powerful tool in designing new sewage sludge management methods. Chemical analysis is also described as a vital point at the subsequent stages of technological processes control and sewage sludge quality assessment. It is also an instrument essential to maintaining control of processed sewage sludge introduced to the environment as ready-to-use materials. The sludge management method is conditioned by the compliance with legal acts concerning sludge management. The most important of these contain information regarding allowable concentrations of pollutants which can be released into the environment, and the most important declarations concerning sewage sludge management. Various analytical techniques and preparation methods that can be used during the monitoring of the managed and processed sewage sludge are described. The most important are chromatographic techniques, methods based on inductively coupled plasma, and mass spectrometry based methods.Graphical abstract

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Section: Analytical Methods Used For the Development Of Sewage Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Methods Used For the Development Of Sewage Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical and legislative challenges of sewage sludge processing and management

2018

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“…For example, 60–95% MTX; 25–45% ETP and TOP; 5–15% PAC, DTX, CTX and DOX; 15–25% IRI; up to 80% ALK [ 18 , 32 , 33 ]. Furthermore, most of the selected target analytes were reported to have been detected and quantified in surface waters, and urban and hospital wastewaters (influents and effluents) in fairly low to medium concentrations, including 1.6–300 ng L −1 MTX [ 19 , 24 , 27 , 34 ], 18.5–100 ng L −1 PTX [ 3 , 27 ], 9.0–10 ng L −1 MAP [ 35 , 36 ], 2.5–2.7 ng L −1 DOX [ 27 ], 0.4–60 ng L −1 IRI [ 25 , 27 , 30 , 34 ], 3.4–15 ng L −1 ETP [ 25 ], 0.4–1900 ng L −1 ALK [ 37 ], 97.7–175.1 ng L −1 DTX [ 3 ]. Once they enter the aquatic environment, these compounds can produce transformation products whose effects are merely known [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fully Automated Online SPE-LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of 10 Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Samples

Belay

Precht

Mortensen

et al. 2022

Toxics

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The increasing use of pharmaceuticals, their presence in the aquatic environment, and the associated toxic effects, have raised concerns in recent years. In this work, a new multi-residue analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of 10 pharmaceuticals in wastewaters using online solid-phase extraction (online SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The compounds included in the method were antineoplastics (cabazitaxel, docetaxel, doxorubicin, etoposide, irinotecan, methotrexate, paclitaxel, and topotecan), renin inhibitors (aliskiren), and antidepressants (maprotiline). The method was developed through several experiments on four online SPE cartridges, three reversed phase chromatography columns, and four combinations of mobile phase components. Under optimal conditions, very low limits of detection (LODs) of 1.30 to 10.6 ng L−1 were obtained. The method was repeatable, with relative standard deviations (RSD, %) for intraday and interday precisions ranged from 1.6 to 7.8 and from 3.3 to 13.2, respectively. Recovery values ranged from 78.4 to 111.4%, indicating the reproducibility of the method. Matrix effects were mainly presented as signal suppression, with topotecan and doxorubicin being the two most affected compounds (31.0% signal suppression). The proposed method was successfully applied to hospital effluents, detecting methotrexate (4.7–9.3 ng L−1) and maprotiline (11.2–23.1 ng L−1). Due to the shorter overall run time of 15 min, including sample preparation, and reduced sample volume (0.9 mL), this on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS method was extremely convenient and efficient in comparison to the classical off-line SPE method. The proposed method was also highly sensitive and can be used for ultratrace quantification of the studied pharmaceuticals in wastewaters, providing useful data for effective environmental monitoring.

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“…The concept of WBE has been mostly adopted to estimate illicit-and other drugs of abuse (DOA) trends in communities and comparing them with similar WBE studies worldwide (Archer et al, 2018;Castiglioni and Vandam, 2016;Castrignanò et al, 2016;Devault et al, 2017;Emke et al, 2014;Evans et al, 2016;Fallati et al, 2020;Lai et al, 2017;Ort et al, 2014;Petrie et al, 2016b;Subedi and Kannan, 2014;Xu et al, 2017). Moreover, WBE has been extended to include the profiling of other public health-related issues such as alcohol abuse, pesticide use patterns, and other pharmaceutical product use patterns (Baker et al, 2014;Baz-Lomba et al, 2016;Been et al, 2018;Castiglioni et al, 2020Castiglioni et al, , 2018Fáberová et al, 2017;Lopardo et al, 2019;Papageorgiou et al, 2016;Yuan et al, 2016;Zuccato et al, 2010), of which the latter can provide valuable information on public health. For this reason, this approach can provide valuable information in LMICs, where data is limited, as opposed to HICs where information may be more readily available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Environmental- and Public Health through Urban Water Profiling of Emerging Contaminants in a South African Urban Setting

Archer

Holton

Fidal

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The study evaluated the mass balance of various contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) from a South African wastewater treatment works (WWTW) and surface waters located upstream and downstream from the point of discharge. A total of 45 CECs, that are grouped into 16 drug classes, were quantified during multiple sampling events that spanned over a period of two years in the study area. Daily loads (DL; in g/day) of the target analytes in the WWTW showed persistence of various CECs, along with population-normalised daily loads (PNDL; in mg/day/1000inh) of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse (DOA) that were estimated for the first time in the study area, using the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach. Multiple chemical markers were recorded in river water located upstream of the WWTW discharge, suggesting other urban pollution sources that contribute towards the CEC loading in the surface water environment. Environmental risk characterisation for the WWTW effluent and surface waters was done to calculate multiple risk quotients (RQs) for each CEC spanning over various sentinel trophic levels. High risk profiles (RQ>1.0) with a frequency of exceedance (FoE) larger than 75% were recorded for several CECs in both WWTW effluent and surface water locations that warrants the need for more refined surveillance of pollution hotspots in the urban catchment. These findings highlight the need for developing an urban water profiling (UWP) approach similar to conventional WBE approaches, at least for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where some (peri)urban communities are not connected to municipal sewage infrastructure and thus lead to direct discharge of human waste products into the natural environment.

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Frequency and use of pharmaceuticals in selected Slovakian town via wastewater analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Analytical and legislative challenges of sewage sludge processing and management

Analytical and legislative challenges of sewage sludge processing and management

A Fully Automated Online SPE-LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of 10 Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Samples

Addressing Environmental- and Public Health through Urban Water Profiling of Emerging Contaminants in a South African Urban Setting

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