Frequency comb generation by four-wave mixing and the role of fiber dispersion

Sefler, George A.; Kitayama, Ken‐ichi

doi:10.1109/50.712242

Cited by 49 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, phase matching of the FWM process in fibers can be achieved via different mode families of the fibers [93][94][95] and, similarly, in microresonators [96]. Generation of frequency harmonics by seeding modulated light to a fiber link [97], a sub-micron silicon-on-insulator rib waveguide [98], and a coupled-resonator optical waveguides [99] have also been observed. Similar effect have been studied in microresonators [100,101].…”

Section: Resonant Wave Mixingmentioning

confidence: 91%

On Frequency Combs in Monolithic Resonators

2016

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Optical frequency combs have become indispensable in astronomical measurements, biological fingerprinting, optical metrology, and radio frequency photonic signal generation. Recently demonstrated microring resonator-based Kerr frequency combs point the way towards chip scale optical frequency comb generator retaining major properties of the lab scale devices. This technique is promising for integrated miniature radiofrequency and microwave sources, atomic clocks, optical references and femtosecond pulse generators. Here we present Kerr frequency comb development in a historical perspective emphasizing its similarities and differences with other physical phenomena. We elucidate fundamental principles and describe practical implementations of Kerr comb oscillators, highlighting associated solved and unsolved problems.

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Section: Resonant Wave Mixingmentioning

confidence: 91%

On Frequency Combs in Monolithic Resonators

2016

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“…Authors in [68], [147] proposed a regeneration stage based on the NOLM to suppress the sidelobes. In the experiments, the output of the NOLM-based regeneration stage provided near-ideal seed properties for the Figure 17: Parametric combs (a) Parametric comb with multi-frequency seed [148], [149] (b) CW seeded chirp-compress-mix cycle [145] (c) CW-seeded Shock-Wave Mixer Principle: (left) phase modulator (PM) generates chirp to induce shock-wave (compression) and increase peak power prior to the parametric comb generation in HNLF; imperfect pulse compression leads to pulse sidelobes, resulting in comb spectral ripple; (right) NOLM transfer function is used to regenerate compressed waveform and seed mixing stage (HNLF) with near-ideal seeds, eliminating comb ripple. [147] (d) Comb based on cascaded FWM [150] (e) Integrated parametric comb using FWM in an on-chip nano-waveguide [151].…”

Section: A Electro-optic Optical Frequency Comb Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to achieve high a FoM using low power CW seeds, a high peak power waveform must be synthesized. Authors in [148], [149] proposed multi frequency seeds by modulating a single CW laser with electro-optic modulator, driven by an electrical tone, shown in the Fig. 17 (a).…”

Section: A Electro-optic Optical Frequency Comb Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Optical Carrier Generation Techniques for Terabit Capacity Elastic Optical Networks

Imran

Anandarajah

Kaszubowska-Anandarajah

et al. 2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

107

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Abstract-Elastic optical networks (EON) have been proposed to meet the network capacity and dynamicity challenges. Hardware and software resource optimization and re-configurability are key enablers for EONs. Recently, innovative multi-carrier transmission techniques have been extensively investigated to realize high capacity (Tb/s) flexible transceivers. In addition to standard telecommunication lasers, optical carrier generators based on optical frequency combs (OFC) have also been considered with expectations of reduced cost and inventory, improved spectral efficiency and flexibility. A wide range of OFC generation techniques have been proposed in the literature over the past few years. It is imperative to summarize the state of the art, compare and assess these diverse techniques from a practical perspective. In this survey, we identify salient features of optical multicarrier generators, review and compare these techniques both from a physical and network layer perspective. OFC demultiplexing/filtering techniques have also been reviewed. In addition to transmission performance, the impact of such sources on the network performance and real-world deployment strategies with reference to cost, power consumption, and level of flexibility have also been discussed. Field trials, integrated solutions, flexibility demonstrations are also reported. Finally, open issues and possible future directions that can lead to real network deployment are highlighted.

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“…1(a)]. The first and third stages are based on intensity modulation, while the second stage is based on four-wave mixing (FWM) [6,7] combined with a wavelength selective switch (WSS) [8].At the first RI-OFCG stage, the CW input is modulated via an intensity modulator (IM 1 ), with a sinusoidal wave. For a final desired repetition rate f R , this sinusoidal wave frequency is set at N × f R , where N is the number of optical tones generated at the 3rd RI-OFCG stage for a single optical carrier at its input.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(a)]. The first and third stages are based on intensity modulation, while the second stage is based on four-wave mixing (FWM) [6,7] combined with a wavelength selective switch (WSS) [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bandwidth and repetition rate programmable Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train source based on intensity modulators and four-wave mixing

et al. 2014

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train source based on intensity modulation and four-wave mixing. The proposed scheme allows for the tunability of the bandwidth and the full flexibility of the repetition rate in the limit of the electronic bandwidth of the modulators used through the flexible synthesis of rectangular frequency combs. With the ever-growing demand for telecommunication bandwidth, highly efficient spectral techniques are currently thoroughly investigated in order to optimize the capacity of fiber optics networks. Two digital techniques are commonly used: orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), where a superchannel composed of sincshaped subcarriers is generated, and Nyquist-WDM where the data symbols are carried by Nyquist-shaped pulses in the time domain [1]. Recently, the concept of orthogonal time-division multiplexing (O-TDM) of optically generated Nyquist pulses was demonstrated [2]. In this scheme, the ultra-short Nyquist pulses are generated all-optically and time multiplexed with no intersymbol interference (ISI), taking advantage of the orthogonality of Nyquist pulses. Various techniques to generate optical Nyquist pulses have been demonstrated including spectral reshaping of mode-locked laser [2] or fiber optical parametric amplification using one degenerated pump [3] or two dissimilar frequency pumps in order to achieve uniform pulse generation over a wide bandwidth [4]. These techniques allow for the generation of Nyquist pulses of a few picoseconds duration down to sub-picosecond. However, reducing the complexity of these schemes to a viable solution is not straightforward. Moreover, the generated Nyquist pulses exhibit a non-rectangular spectrum, which leads to the necessity of guard band between WDM channels. To overcome these limitations, another technique based on phase-locked flat-comb generation was demonstrated to obtain sinc-shaped pulse trains [5]. The proofof-principle setup was based on intensity modulators driven by radio-frequency (RF) tones. This simple setup is cost-effective, but the generated bandwidth remains limited to three times the electronic bandwidth of the modulators. In order to overcome the bandwidth limitation, we show that a nonlinear stage based on Kerr effect in highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) can be used to expand the bandwidth of the generated comb while maintaining the high flexibility and reconfigurability advantages of the original technique. The proposed principle for the Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train generation is sketched in Fig. 1. Three stages of rectangular-shaped in-phase optical frequency comb generators (RI-OFCG's) are used to achieve a Nyquist-sinc pulse train from an initial optical continuous wave (CW) [ Fig. 1(a)]. The first and third stages are based on intensity modulation, while the second stage is based on four-wave mixing (FWM) [6,7] combined with a wavelength selective switch (WSS) [8].At the first RI-OFCG stage, the CW input is modulated via an intensity modulator (IM 1 ...

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Frequency comb generation by four-wave mixing and the role of fiber dispersion

Cited by 49 publications

References 13 publications

On Frequency Combs in Monolithic Resonators

On Frequency Combs in Monolithic Resonators

A Survey of Optical Carrier Generation Techniques for Terabit Capacity Elastic Optical Networks

Bandwidth and repetition rate programmable Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train source based on intensity modulators and four-wave mixing

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