Frequency Response in the GB Power System from Responsive CHPs

Bian, Yuankai; Wang, Hantao; Wyman-Pain, Heather; Gu, Chenghong; Li, Furong

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.664

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Meanwhile, as shown in Fig. 19 when the coordinative controller was used, the ramp requirement from CHP generators (see the dotted red line) is mitigated compared with the ramping process of the CHP with the controller in [10] (see the dashed green line). After the incident, the power output of CHP generators remains at a high level and produces excess energy for charging the battery (see the purple line below zero).…”

Section: B Frequency Response Test In the Gb Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A case study was undertaken considering 30,000 CHPs connected to the power system. Comparisons were carried out between the proposed coordinative controller and the controller in [10] which also updates the control scheme of CHPs to provide frequency response. During the incident, the first loss of generator (345MW) was applied to the GB model at 5s.…”

Section: B Frequency Response Test In the Gb Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the start of the incident, the SoC of the battery is 50% while the CHP power output is 21kW. using controller in [10] to provide this service, the minimum grid frequency was only 42.27 Hz (see the dashed green line). Meanwhile, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: B Frequency Response Test In the Gb Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CHP could extend beyond bill saving to flexibility services when other low emission sources are not available. Some studies have shown that CHP could enhance the frequency stability of the power grid in GB even only part of the total CHP capacity is employed [10]. Although providing flexibility may push the CHP deviating from the economic point, the payment from utilities is still attracting facility owners [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Unlock the Flexibility of Combined Heat and Power for Frequency Response by Coordinative Control With Batteries

Ming

Zhou

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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Owners of combined heat and power (CHP), e.g., industrial manufacturers, are motivated to provide frequency response to power grids due to clear financial benefits. Yet, the slow response speed of CHP limits its capability in providing such services. Moreover, frequent adjustments would cause a faster lifetime reduction of CHP and rapid pressure fluctuation in the gas network. To further unlock the flexibility of CHP, this paper integrates a battery unit with CHP via a power electronic interface. A filter-based coordinative controller is designed for smoothing short-term fluctuations in CHP outputs. Based on the filter parameters and frequency response requirements, the minimum required capacity of the battery is identified. The results show that the proposed system enhances the capability of CHP for frequency response and mitigates the associated adverse effects on the gas network. The required capacity of the battery is economically feasible considering the benefit it brings to the CHP.

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Section: B Frequency Response Test In the Gb Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Frequency Response Test In the Gb Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Frequency Response Test In the Gb Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Unlock the Flexibility of Combined Heat and Power for Frequency Response by Coordinative Control With Batteries

Ming

Zhou

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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show abstract

“…The governor and turbine are modeled using their time constants T G and T T , respectively, and Gen 2 has an extra controller to facilitate a secondary response. All the relevant simulation parameters are listed in Table 1 (Cheng et al, 2015;Bian et al, 2017).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Primary frequency response from hydrogen-based bidirectional vector coupling storage: modelling and demonstration using power-hardware-in-the-loop simulation

et al. 2023

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To meet reduction targets for carbon emissions and improve the flexibility and security of the energy supply, future energy networks will require enhanced energy vector coupling in addition to the generation of energy from renewable sources. Increased renewable generation penetration significantly affects the electrical grid’s inertia and consequently the severity and regularity of frequency deviations from nominal values. Bidirectional Hydrogen-based Vector Coupling Storage (VCS) has been explored as a means to provide primary frequency response (PFR) services to the electrical network. This paper demonstrates the use of Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) simulation and Digital Twin (DT) technique for such an application. This new suggested structure of VCS is composed of grid-scale electrolysers, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage. Existing works focus on unidirectional VCS, and also use simplifications or neglect the impacts of power converters on the performance of the VCS. In addition, these works do not have any control over the hydrogen storage, therefore there is no guarantee that there will be enough energy available in the storage to meet the PFR service responsibilities. This paper presents the dynamic models of electrolysis, fuel cell stacks, and hydrogen storage as a DT. The key parameters affecting the behaviours of these main components are considered. The power converters’ accurate impact on the VCS’s performance is considered through PHIL simulations. The level of stored hydrogen is also considered in the VCS controller. The DT representing the VCS is integrated with the PHIL setup representing the deployment environment. The impact of VCS is then analysed as it propagates to the deployment environment. Results of the considered case studies demonstrate that the size of the VCS plays a significant role in bringing the frequency to the statutory allowed range. In addition, more VCS capacity was installed, the nadir frequency improved. Furthermore, the VCS is fast enough to offer PFR. The response times of the VCS were 2.857 s (during under-frequency periods), corresponding to the operation of the fuel cells, and 2.252 s during over-frequency periods, corresponding to electrolyser operation.

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Primary frequency regulation capacity enhancement of CHP units: Control strategy combining high pressure valve adjustment and heating extraction steam adjustment

Liu

Zheng²,

Song

et al. 2022

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

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Frequency Response in the GB Power System from Responsive CHPs

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Unlock the Flexibility of Combined Heat and Power for Frequency Response by Coordinative Control With Batteries

Unlock the Flexibility of Combined Heat and Power for Frequency Response by Coordinative Control With Batteries

Primary frequency response from hydrogen-based bidirectional vector coupling storage: modelling and demonstration using power-hardware-in-the-loop simulation

Primary frequency regulation capacity enhancement of CHP units: Control strategy combining high pressure valve adjustment and heating extraction steam adjustment

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