Frequency stability model for energy transition studies in Spain

Diaz-Garcia, Agustin; Izquierdo, Carlos García; Cordón, Antonio; Rodrı́guez, Francisco; Rivas, R.

doi:10.1109/td39804.2020.9299984

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In this paper, the aggregated load frequency model in [22] is considered. Its validity in capturing the general frequency dynamics has been demonstrated in [23] by comparison with actual measurements of the continental European system. We neglect the dynamics of AC voltage, as is done in [24], because they depend on the local grid conditions and the directives set by the TSO in terms of voltage control, independent of the active power control.…”

Section: Ac System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design consideration for frequency containment reserve provisions by a multi‐terminal HVDC system

Shinoda,

Dai,

Bakhos

et al. 2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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Frequency control is considered to be an important function of multi‐terminal HVDC (MTDC) systems. Sharing frequency containment reserves (FCRs) among interconnected AC systems using HVDC technology is particularly attractive in the European context. However, coordination of the contribution between systems with different sizes, quality requirements, and dynamic characteristics requires harmonized rules and well‐defined control strategies. If the controllers are not properly designed, they can lead to disproportional supports, noncompliance with the existing regulation framework, or even degradation of the frequency quality. This paper presents a general analytical methodology for assessing the compliance of MTDC grid control solutions to the essential requirements of the FCR framework, and then examines three different implementation solutions as illustrative examples to validate the method. Through this process, the interaction mechanisms behind each solution are analytically clarified. The performance analyses are then confirmed using load‐frequency models of CE, Nordic, and GB systems coupled with a three‐terminal DC system. It is revealed that, while certain control solutions result in insufficient performance with respect to the desired FCR provision, the newly proposed distributed solution for each pair of converters is the most compliant with the existing framework thanks to the highest degrees of freedom.

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Section: Ac System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design consideration for frequency containment reserve provisions by a multi‐terminal HVDC system

Shinoda,

Dai,

Bakhos

et al. 2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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“…where (10) k denotes discrete time with sample period T s and j denotes partial spatial point. The discrete version of Timedependent PDF (p(x; t)) is denoted by P [j, kT s ]; and the time step and spatial step are denoted as h = (t f /n) (t f is the total time) and s respectively.…”

Section: The Discrete Information Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discrete version of Timedependent PDF (p(x; t)) is denoted by P [j, kT s ]; and the time step and spatial step are denoted as h = (t f /n) (t f is the total time) and s respectively. Since, logarithm is used in this calculation (see (10)), when P [j; kT s ] takes the smallest value 0, the ln(0) gives an undefined value. To overcome this issue the following reasoning is applied:…”

Section: The Discrete Information Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the Romanian TSO Transelectrica S.A. [9] has observed large imbalances degrading the inertia response after dismantling carbon emitting power plants. Correspondingly, the Spanish TSO, Red Electrica de España (REE) [10], has reported a decrease on the system's KE when trying to develop an improved network plan to contemplate low-inertia future scenarios. Particularly, the Nordic Power System (NPS) is on gradual decommissioning of nuclear and thermal power, which will clearly lead to a substantial reduction of the future physical inertia and its intrinsic response in the system [11].…”

Section: Introduction a Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Information Length Quantification and Forecasting of Power Systems Kinetic Energy

Chamorro

Guel-Cortez

Kim

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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“…In this paper, the aggregated load frequency model in [16] is considered. Its validity in capturing the general frequency dynamics has been demonstrated in [17] by comparison with actual measurements of the continental European system.…”

Section: A Ac System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

FCR Provisions by Multi-Terminal HVDC System

Shinoda¹,

Bakhos²,

Gonzalez‐Torres³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Frequency control is considered to be an important function of multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) systems. Sharing frequency containment reserves (FCRs) among interconnected AC systems using flexible HVDC technology is particularly attractive in the European context. However, coordination of the contribution between systems with different sizes, quality requirements and dynamic characteristics requires harmonized rules and well-defined control strategies. If the controllers are not properly designed, they can lead to disproportional supports, noncompliance with the existing regulation framework, or even degradation of the frequency quality. This paper analyzes several frequency control solutions for MTDC systems in terms of the adequacy of the expected contribution to the frequency containment process. The performance analyses are then confirmed using load-frequency models coupled with a three-terminal DC system. It is revealed that certain control solutions result in insufficient performance with respect to the desired FCR provision. The proposed distributed solution for each pair of converters can be the most compliant with the existing framework while keeping the highest degrees of freedom.

show abstract

Frequency stability model for energy transition studies in Spain

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Design consideration for frequency containment reserve provisions by a multi‐terminal HVDC system

Design consideration for frequency containment reserve provisions by a multi‐terminal HVDC system

Information Length Quantification and Forecasting of Power Systems Kinetic Energy

FCR Provisions by Multi-Terminal HVDC System

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