From British to Humanitarian Colonization: The ‘EarlyRecovery’ Response in Myanmar after Nargis

Abstract

The humanitarian response to the disaster caused by Cyclone Nargis that hit the Ayeyarwady Delta region of Myanmar in 2008 is a pertinent example of a very specific phase in humanitarian response at the transition between emergency and development. The author shows that this phase, known as ‘early recovery’, being built on the specific characteristics of the emergency (lack of time and lack of means and input) and oriented towards development, is one in which the humanitarian aid agency is relatively restricted to the humanitarian sphere itself. As a result, the ideological discourse lengthily denounced by the post-structuralist anthropology of development – as a set of Western values imposed on the ‘developing’ countries to assert a new form of dominion – is actually powerful and quasi-monolithic in shaping the consequences of humanitarian aid. While there is no ‘arena’ for the ‘beneficiaries' to discuss the aid's agency, a ‘methodological populism’ approach reveals, on the one hand, the antagonisms between a humanitarian ideology conveying considerations such as ‘horizontal’ communities versus ‘hierarchical bonds’ and, on the other, the similarity of its socioeconomic consequences on the Delta's society to those of the British colonial period.

Spatial-Temporal Relations of Flood Risk and Its Potential Dynamic Pressures in Myanmar

“…In addition, out migration to Thailand has continued quickly [70], despite unsafe conditions there [71]. Increased migration and displacements disrupted traditional social networks of care and support, eroding community bonds [72]. Therefore, displacement can decrease social adaptive capacities to floods.…”