From dihydrated iron(III) phosphate to monohydrated ammonium–iron(II) phosphate: Solvothermal reaction mediated by acetone–urea mixtures

Alfonso, Belén F.; Trobajo, Camino; Piqué, C.; Garcı́a, José R.; Blanco, J.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2012.07.019

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Throughout the literature researches, the advantages of using urea as an additive are as follows: (i) The two ‐NH 2 groups in urea are alkaline. The alkaline groups can improve the pH value of the reaction and be used for the complexation of the metal ions in the solution, which makes it easier to reach the growth interface, thus increasing the growth rate of crystal ,. (ii) The N atom in urea can coordinate with the Fe atom in lithium iron phosphate, which affects the crystal growth to control the material morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea and Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Spheroidal LiFePO₄/C Nanoparticles as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐ion Batteries

Wang

Niu

et al. 2018

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Spheroidal LiFePO4/C nanoparticles were synthesized successfully via a urea and ethylene glycol‐assisted solvothermal synthetic route combined with high‐temperature calcinations under different solvothermal time and carbon coating amounts. The obtained samples were characterized with various techniques, including X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical performance experiments. The test results showed that urea as an additive plays a critical role in controlling morphologies of the final products and ethylene glycol as a stabilizer avoids the agglomeration of particles in the process. As a promising cathode material of lithium ion batteries, the LiFePO4/C in this work could provide an initiate discharge capacity of 155 mAh⋅g–1 and maintain 91.6% of initial capacity after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. The discharge capacity is 78.8 mAh⋅g–1 when circulating at high rate up to 10 C, showing excellent discharge performance. Furthermore, the in‐situ generated carbon ensures the higher electrical conductivity and the nano‐sized spheroidal LiFePO4/C particles prolong the cycle life of batteries, thus exhibiting high charge‐discharge capability, excellent rate properties and stable cycling behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea and Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Spheroidal LiFePO₄/C Nanoparticles as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐ion Batteries

Wang

Niu

et al. 2018

ChemistrySelect

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“…Among them, the band at 1738 cm −1 (attributed to the acetyl and uronic ester groups or the ester linkage of the carboxylic group of ferulic and p‐coumaricacid of hemicellulose), 1600 cm −1 and 1510 cm −1 (arising from the aromatic skeletal vibration), 1460 cm −1 (assigned to C−H deformation combined with aromatic ring vibration), and 1250 cm −1 (corresponding to methoxyl groups of lignin) . The bands (Figure , d) between 1150 and 920 cm −1 are due to the P−O stretching vibrations, while the two bands at around 625 and 550 cm −1 are related to the O−P‐O bending vibrations ,,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Conversion of Bamboo Meal to High‐Yield Furfural With Solid Acid Catalyst FePO₄⋅2H₂O

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2017

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Furfural has been identified as an attractive platform chemical for production of valuable bio‐based chemicals and bio‐fuels. Therefore, to exploit a new catalyst which directly synthesized furfural from biomass was meaningful. In this work, FePO4⋅2H2O was novelty applied in H2O/THF solvent system to produce furfural from bamboo meal. The influence of catalyst type, solvent type, catalyst dosage, reaction temperature and times on furfural production was comparatively evaluated. The results indicated that the FePO4 catalyst displayed an excellent catalytic activity over mineral acids, metal chlorate and solid acids, achieving the highest furfural yield of 90.5% (from d‐xylose) and 83.1 mol % (from bamboo meal) at 170 °C (60 min) and 180 °C (60 min), respectively. Moreover, characterization indicated that FePO4 can recrystallize after the reaction, which provided a convenience for the catalyst recovery. Considering the excellent catalytic activity and recovering characteristic of FePO4 catalyst, systematical research of this new technique was required before the process could be considered as an industrial scale.

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“…This synthesis, carried out at 180 °C, has successfully afforded the target compound as hierarchical microspheres. Further, regarding iron phosphates, Alfonso et al 539 used hydrothermal synthesis involving FeCl 2 and urea at 180 °C to prepare the phosphate and further subjected the compound to solvothermal treatment at 180 °C in acetone, yielding the transformation of FePO 4 to (NH 4 )FePO 4 •H 2 O.…”

Section: Also Provide Several Further Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pursuing the Crystallization of Mono- and Polymetallic Nanosized Crystalline Inorganic Compounds by Low-Temperature Wet-Chemistry and Colloidal Routes

et al. 2015

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From dihydrated iron(III) phosphate to monohydrated ammonium–iron(II) phosphate: Solvothermal reaction mediated by acetone–urea mixtures

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Urea and Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Spheroidal LiFePO₄/C Nanoparticles as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐ion Batteries

Urea and Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Spheroidal LiFePO₄/C Nanoparticles as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐ion Batteries

Catalytic Conversion of Bamboo Meal to High‐Yield Furfural With Solid Acid Catalyst FePO₄⋅2H₂O

Pursuing the Crystallization of Mono- and Polymetallic Nanosized Crystalline Inorganic Compounds by Low-Temperature Wet-Chemistry and Colloidal Routes

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From dihydrated iron(III) phosphate to monohydrated ammonium–iron(II) phosphate: Solvothermal reaction mediated by acetone–urea mixtures

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Urea and Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Spheroidal LiFePO4/C Nanoparticles as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐ion Batteries

Urea and Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Spheroidal LiFePO4/C Nanoparticles as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐ion Batteries

Catalytic Conversion of Bamboo Meal to High‐Yield Furfural With Solid Acid Catalyst FePO4⋅2H2O

Pursuing the Crystallization of Mono- and Polymetallic Nanosized Crystalline Inorganic Compounds by Low-Temperature Wet-Chemistry and Colloidal Routes

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Urea and Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Spheroidal LiFePO₄/C Nanoparticles as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐ion Batteries

Urea and Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Spheroidal LiFePO₄/C Nanoparticles as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐ion Batteries

Catalytic Conversion of Bamboo Meal to High‐Yield Furfural With Solid Acid Catalyst FePO₄⋅2H₂O