From leaf and branch into a flower: Magnolia tells the story

Liu, Wenzhe; Hilu, Khidir W.; Wang, Yaling

doi:10.1186/1999-3110-55-28

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(168 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This inconformity between traditional opinions and the present result is not confined to D. chinensis . Numerous taxa of angiosperms have been reported to support amphicribral vascular bundles in placenta, including Papaveraceae (Kapoor, 1973 , 1995 ), Leguminosae (Lersten and Don, 1966 ), Winteraceae (Tucker, 1975 ), Solanaceae (Dave et al, 1981 ; Wang et al, 2015 ), Gesneriaceae (Wang and Pan, 1998 ), Buxaceae (Von Balthazar and Endress, 2002 ), Annonaceae (Endress and Armstrong, 2011 ), Actinidiaceae (Guo et al, 2013 ), and Magnoliaceae (Liu et al, 2014 ; Wang et al, 2015 ), etc. These taxa cover the whole scope of angiosperms from the basal clade magnoliids to the terminal eudicot lineage in the phylogenetic tree (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the flowers of Magnolia , the carpel with marginal placenta is composed of two mutually independent primordia (corresponding to the ovary wall and axilla placenta). The ovary wall and placenta respectively have their own independent vascular bundles, and vascular bundles in them are totally different as showed by the amphicribral vascular bundle in the placenta and the collateral ones in the ovary wall (Liu et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dianthus chinensis L.: The Structural Difference between Vascular Bundles in the Placenta and Ovary Wall Suggests Their Different Origin

Guo

Bai

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dianthus chinensis is a perennial herbaceous plant with great ornamental, botanical, ecological, and medicinal value. The pistil of D. chinensis is composed of two fused carpels with free central placenta and two separate styles. The placenta is a columnar structure extending about two-thirds the length of the maturing fruit, which is typical of the Caryophyllaceous. Traditionally, free central placenta is thought to have evolved from axial placenta by septal disappearance, and axial placenta to have occurred through fusion of conduplicate carpels with marginal placenta. However, the traditional opinion is becoming more and more inconsistent with the new data gained in recent research of angiosperm systematics. To clarify the origin of D. chinensis pistil, the present anatomical study was carried out. The results show that the vascular system of placenta is independent to that of the ovary wall in D. chinensis. Moreover, in the central part of placenta there are one or two amphicribral bundles, and correspondingly numerous ones in the pistil which supply the ovules/seeds. It is obvious that the central amphicribral bundles in placenta are comparable to the counterparts in branches but not to those in leaves or their derivatives. Therefore, it is reasonable to deduce that the placenta of D. chinensis was not derived from conduplicate carpels through fusion of collateral vascular bundles, and actually a floral axis with ovules/seeds laterally adhering. On the contrary, the ovary wall was the lateral appendages of the floral axis. The result of the present study is completely in agreement with Unifying Theory, in which the placenta is taken as an ovule-bearing branch. Except for D. chinensis, the similar vascular organization has been observed in placenta of numerous isolated taxa. But till now, it is uncertain that whether this vascular organization pattern is popular in the whole angiosperms or not. More intensive and extensive investigations are needed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dianthus chinensis L.: The Structural Difference between Vascular Bundles in the Placenta and Ovary Wall Suggests Their Different Origin

Guo

Bai

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…are widely distributed shrubs and trees that produce beautiful flowers in the spring. The Magnoliaceae have long been considered an ancient angiosperm family and much of the current research on members of this family focuses on their systematic evolution [ 19 , 20 ]. The studies of Magnoliaceae flower bud differentiation mostly involve morphological observation [ 21 ], leaving the molecular mechanisms underpinning their flower development largely unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of Flower Bud Differentiation in Magnolia sinostellata

Fan¹,

MengQian²,

Dong³

et al. 2018

Genes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnolias are widely cultivated for their beautiful flowers, but despite their popularity, the molecular mechanisms regulating flower bud differentiation have not been elucidated. Here, we used paraffin sections and RNA-seq to study the process of flower bud differentiation in Magnolia sinostellata. Flower bud development occurred between 28 April and 30 May 2017 and was divided into five stages: undifferentiated, early flower bud differentiation, petal primordium differentiation, stamen primordium differentiation, and pistil primordium differentiation. A total of 52,441 expressed genes were identified, of which 11,592 were significantly differentially expressed in the five bud development stages. Of these, 82 genes were involved in the flowering. In addition, MADS-box and AP2 family genes play critical roles in the formation of flower organs and 20 differentially expressed genes associated with flower bud differentiation were identified in M. sinostellata. A qRT-PCR analysis verified that the MADS-box and AP2 family genes were expressed at high levels during flower bud differentiation. Consequently, this study provides a theoretical basis for the genetic regulation of flowering in M. sinostellata, which lays a foundation for further research into flowering genes and may facilitate the development of new cultivars.

show abstract

“…Their ornamental characteristic has been noted because of their large flower and fragrant aroma. In recent years, study of the reproductive organs of Magnolias more commonly focuses on the origin and systematic evolution of flowers [19,20], as well as the physiological and biochemical regulation mechanism, and so on [21,22]. It has been demonstrated that AP3 (APETALA 3) homologues, AGL (AGAMOUS-LIKE) genes, and other transcription factors play an important role in regulating flower bud differentiation and the development in Magnolia wufengensis [23,24] and Magnolia sinostellata [25].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Insight into Flowering Regulation: Molecular Basis of Flowering Initiation in Magnolia × soulangeana ‘Changchun’

Jiang

Sun

Wei

et al. 2019

Genes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnolia × soulangeana 'Changchun' are trees that bloom in spring and summer respectively after flower bud differentiation. Here, we use phenological and morphological observation and RNA-seq technology to study the molecular basis of flowering initiation in 'Changchun'. During the process of flowering initiation in spring and summer, the growth of expanded flower buds increased significantly, and their shape was obviously enlarged, which indicated that flowering was initiated. A total of 168,120 expressed genes were identified in spring and summer dormant and expanded flower buds, of which 11,687 genes showed significantly differential expression between spring and summer dormant and expanded flower buds. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, metabolic processes, cellular components, binding, and catalytic activity. Analysis of differential gene expression patterns revealed that gibberellin signaling, and some transcription factors were closely involved in the regulation of spring and summer flowering initiation in 'Changchun'. A qRT-PCR (quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis showed that BGISEQ-500 sequencing platform could truly reflect gene expression patterns. It also verified that GID1B (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 B), GID1C, SPL8 (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 8), and GASA (GIBBERELLIC ACID-STIMULATED ARABIDOPSIS) family genes were expressed at high levels, while the expression of SPY (SPINDLY) was low during spring and summer flowering initiation. Meanwhile, the up-and down-regulated expression of, respectively, AGL6 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 6) and DREB3 (DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 3), AG15, and CDF1 (CYCLIC DOF FACTOR 1) might also be involved in the specific regulation of spring and summer flowering initiation. Obviously, flowering initiation is an important stage of the flowering process in woody plants, involving the specific regulation of relevant genes and transcription factors. This study provides a new perspective for the regulation of the flowering process in perennial woody plants.Genes 2020, 11, 15 2 of 18 Using Solexa/Illumina sequencing platform, researchers have identified almost all transcripts involved in flowering from the vegetative and flower buds in Dimocarpus longan, including putative homologues of DELLA protein, LFY (LEAFY), SOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1) [2]. Meanwhile, compared to the apical meristem of vegetative growth, gibberellin 3 beta-hydroxylase 2 and LFY were both expressed higher in early flowering, indicated that GA pathway may be related to the early flowering of Angelica sinensis [3]. By comparing the differences in transcript expression levels between flowering and non-flowering Moso bamboo samples at different flowering developmental stages, researchers found that GAMYB, GID1 (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1), and GID2 were significantly up-regulated, while DELLA protein was down-regulated, and believed that bamboo flowering was associated with gibbere...

show abstract

From leaf and branch into a flower: Magnolia tells the story

Cited by 25 publications

References 81 publications

Dianthus chinensis L.: The Structural Difference between Vascular Bundles in the Placenta and Ovary Wall Suggests Their Different Origin

Dianthus chinensis L.: The Structural Difference between Vascular Bundles in the Placenta and Ovary Wall Suggests Their Different Origin

Transcriptomic Analysis of Flower Bud Differentiation in Magnolia sinostellata

A New Insight into Flowering Regulation: Molecular Basis of Flowering Initiation in Magnolia × soulangeana ‘Changchun’

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About