From supramolecular chemistry to nanotechnology: Assembly of 3D nanostructures

Abstract

Fabricating well-defined and stable nanoparticle crystals in a controlled fashion receives growing attention in nanotechnology. The order and packing symmetry within a nanoparticle crystal is of utmost importance for the development of materials with unique optical and electronic properties. To generate stable and ordered 3D nanoparticle structures, nanotechnology is combined with supramolecular chemistry to control the self-assembly of 2D and 3D receptor-functionalized nanoparticles. This review focuses on the use of molecular recognition chemistry to establish stable, ordered, and functional nanoparticle structures. The host–guest complexation of β-cyclodextrin (CD) and its guest molecules (e.g., adamantane and ferrocene) are applied to assist the nanoparticle assembly. Direct adsorption of supramolecular guest- and host-functionalized nanoparticles onto (patterned) CD self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) occurs via multivalent host–guest interactions and layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. The reversibility and fine-tuning of the nanoparticle-surface binding strength in this supramolecular assembly scheme are the control parameters in the process. Furthermore, the supramolecular nanoparticle assembly has been integrated with top-down nanofabrication schemes to generate stable and ordered 3D nanoparticle structures, with controlled geometries and sizes, on surfaces, other interfaces, and as free-standing structures.

X‐ray structure of host‐guest nanosized organotin supramolecular coordination polymer based on cobalt cyanide and quinoxaline as an efficient catalyst for treatment of waste water

“…The disappearance of these bands in the IR-spectrum of the decolorized dye solution indicated complete destruction of dye molecules by breaking of central and side aromatic rings as well as methyl removal. Meanwhile, new peaks due to the stretching vibrations of COO−, NO 3 − and SO 4 2− appear at 1450, 1380 and 1224 cm −1 , respectively, in addition to the strong bands of water at 3400 and 1620 cm −1 , [89] suggesting that CO 2 CaCO 3 precipitate which was determined gravimetrically (0.012 gram). The sulfate ions were determined gravimetrically by precipitating as BaSO4 using BaCl2 solution (0.0572 gram).…”

“…Host–guest chemistry encompasses the idea of molecular recognition through non‐covalent interactions . Host‐guest interactions have been used to construct incomparable nanoscale architectures . The prompt progress of nano‐sized chemistry shows its strong potency in nanotechnology, which has been renowned as the technology for the sequent century .…”

“…[1] Host-guest interactions have been used to construct incomparable nanoscale architectures. [2] The prompt progress of nano-sized chemistry shows its strong potency in nanotechnology, which has been renowned as the technology for the sequent century. [3] Surface modified nanoparticles have been successfully used in biological detection, catalysis, nano-electronic and optical devices.…”

Multivalenz als chemisches Organisations‐ und Wirkprinzip

“…[153,176,177] Zunehmend werden Methoden entwickelt, die durch Nanostrukturierung von Oberflächen oder selbstorganisierte Monoschichten (SAMs) auf potenzielle Anwendungen im relevanten Grçßenbereich von 1-100 nm abzielen. [178,179] Hier sind insbesondere biologisch oder katalytisch aktive, räumlich definierte und somit adressierbare Oberflächen interessant. [180] Traditionelle lithographische Prozesse mit ihrer technisch bedingten Beschränkung auf eine Längenskala von > 100 nm wurden hinsichtlich ihrer bisher erzielbaren Strukturgrçßen erweitert (Nanolithographie).…”

Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies on Surfaces: Reactivity Tuning through Capping‐Layer and Cross‐Linker Design

“…The citrate-a nd TOAB-capped AuNPs are hydrophilic and hydrophobic,r espectively.B yu sing stepwise deposition from solution, [22][23][24] we generated1 )small aggregates of individual AuNPs,2 )large aggregates of individual AuNPs, 3) networks of fused AuNPs, and 4) gold islands on differents ubstrates. The reactivityo ft he AuNPs towardst hese crosslinkers was tuned by the use of two distinctly different capping layers (i.e.,s odium citrate (Cit) versust etraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB)).…”