Frost resistance of rock materials

Rusin, Zbigniew; Świercz, P.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.198

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The freeze-thaw cycles cause somewhat similar damage forms on mortars and artificial stones to the ones related to salt damage (Rusin andSwiercz 2017, Husillos-Rodriguez et al 2018). The latter one is also characterized by microcracking, granular disintegration, and scaling (Thomachot-Schneider et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Freeze-thaw durability of repair mortars and porous limestone: compatibility issues

Török

Szemerey-Kiss

2019

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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Freeze-thaw cycles can cause considerable damage to porous materials and thus have an adverse effect on the durability of mortars and porous stone. To assess the behavior and frost resistance of two types of porous limestone, three commercially available repair mortars and four mixtures of laboratory-prepared repair mortars were subjected to freeze-thaw cycles according to EN 12371. During the test, samples of stone and mortar were bonded together and the weight loss was continuously monitored. The adhesion bond between the stone and the mortar was also observed during the cycles. Petrographic analysis and thin sections were also made before and after the freeze-thaw test. The pore size distribution (mercury intrusion porosimetry, MIP) of mortars and stones was also measured. The test showed that most of the repair mortars were damage more than porous limestone due to frost action. Two exceptions are two commercial available repair mortars. These mortars were able to keep the adhesion with the stone, and the frost did not modify significantly the cubic shape of the test specimens, only rounding of the edges was observed. All other samples were broken during the frost tests; stone/mortar interface was dismounted. Other typical damage features such as delamination, blistering, powdering, and granular disintegration were also observed leading to the gradual surface loss of the material. Our tests proved that low pozzolanic cement content in mortars decreases the material durability. According to the pore size distribution (MIP), the small pores (around 0.1 μm) control the weathering behavior of tested porous materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Freeze-thaw durability of repair mortars and porous limestone: compatibility issues

Török

Szemerey-Kiss

2019

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…On the other hand, there is at least one study explaining the slight impact of thermal shock on a limestone by the low porosity of this rock [18] Besides the total amount of pores, the dimensions of the pores have been considered. In freeze-thaw tests with diverse rock types (basalt, diabases, dolostones, gneiss, granite, limestones, and sandstone), susceptibility was higher for high porosity rocks but was also related to a parameter based on a volumetric fraction of the pore space [26]. The effects of salt weathering on granites have been found to be related to higher porosity but also to pore-size distribution [52].…”

Section: Pore Network Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock Features and Alteration of Stone Materials Used for the Built Environment: A Review of Recent Publications on Ageing Tests

2020

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This work presents a review of recent publications, with publication date between 2017 and 2019, with information on the relation between rock characteristics and the effects of diverse agents associated with alteration of stone materials in the built environment. It considers information obtained from ageing tests performed under laboratory conditions and by exposure to outdoor agents. Several lithological groups were considered, with sedimentary carbonate rocks being the most frequently studied lithotypes and silicate metamorphic rocks being the group with scarcer information. In terms of ageing tests, salt weathering was the most frequent one while there was a noticeable lesser amount of information from tests with biological colonization. The collected data showed the influence of diverse features, from specific minerals to whole-rock properties and the presence of heterogeneities. These information are discussed in the context of formulating a general framework for stone decay.

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“…Rusin and Świercz [12] discuss the relationship between the effects of freeze conditions and water absorption. These authors noted degradation effects in gneiss, some limestones, some dolostones and two of the igneous rocks (a basalt and a diabase), while for other limestones, dolostones and igneous rocks (another diabase and a microgranite), mass variation and visual decay were minimal (in some cases, mass increase was observed).…”

Section: Freeze-thawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Water on Natural Stone in the Built Environment—A Review

et al. 2021

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The present work reviews studies with information on the effects of water by itself on stones of the built environment both to assess the impact of this substance and to discuss possible implications for conservation. The analysis concerns empirical results from previous publications dealing with the effects, on several rock types, of freeze–thaw, wetting, erosion by running water and substances resulting from the water–stone interaction. Laboratory studies have shown that water freezing can cause physical damage even in low porosity rocks. As far as we know, this is the first review that considers comparative laboratory studies of freeze–thaw and salt crystallization on the same rock specimens, and these point to lower erosive effects than salt weathering, as freeze–thaw can provoke catastrophic cracking. Wetting has shown strong damaging effects on some fine-grained clastic rocks. Erosive features have been reported for rain exposition and for some fountain settings albeit, in these field studies, it could be difficult to assess the contribution of pollutants transported by water (this assessment could have meaningful implications for stone conservation, especially in fountain settings). Water also interacts with stone constituents, namely sulfides and soluble salts, releasing substances that could impact those stones. Sulfides are a relatively frequent issue for slates and granites, and our observations suggest that for this last rock type, this issue is mostly associated with the presence of enclaves and, hence, avoiding the surface exposition of such enclaves could solve the problem.

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Frost resistance of rock materials

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Freeze-thaw durability of repair mortars and porous limestone: compatibility issues

Freeze-thaw durability of repair mortars and porous limestone: compatibility issues

Rock Features and Alteration of Stone Materials Used for the Built Environment: A Review of Recent Publications on Ageing Tests

Effects of Water on Natural Stone in the Built Environment—A Review

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