Fructo-Oligosaccharide Alleviates Soybean-Induced Anaphylaxis in Piglets by Modulating Gut Microbes

Abstract

Soybean-induced anaphylaxis poses a severe threat to the health of humans and animals. Some commensal bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, can prevent and treat allergic diseases. Prebiotic oligosaccharides, a food/diet additive, can enhance health and performance via modulating gut microbes and immune responses. The purpose of this study was to examine whether fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) could alleviate soybean-induced anaphylaxis by modulating gut microbes. Piglets (21 days of age) were sensitized with a diet containing 5% soybean and 30% peeled soybean meal. The treatment with 0.6% FOS started 1 day prior to sensitization and continued everyday thereafter. Blood was collected for measurements of immune indices. The DNA samples isolated from fresh intestinal contents of the middle jejunum (M-jejunum), posterior jejunum (P-jejunum), ileum, and cecum were used for gene sequencing based on 16S rRNA. Our results showed that there was an increase of glycinin-specific IgG, β-conglycinin-specific IgG, total serum IgG and IgE, and occurrence of diarrhea in piglets sensitized with soybean antigen. There was a decrease in interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10 and an increase of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in piglets with FOS treatment, compared with the piglets without FOS treatment. Improvement of intestinal microbes was indicated mostly by the increase of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in M-jejunum and the decrease of Proteobacteria in P-jejunum and ileum. The correlation analysis indicated that FOS treatment decreased those closely related to the key species of gut microbes. These results suggest that FOS can alleviate soybean antigen-induced anaphylaxis, which is associated with increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in M-jejunum and declined Proteobacteria in P-jejunum and ileum of piglets.

Identification of Allergic Epitopes of Soybean β-Conglycinin in Different Animal Species

“…During the sensitization stage, the piglets in the sensitized group were fed with an allergic diet using soybean, and the control diet was given on all the other days. The ingredients of the swine diets were described in our previous study ( 7 ). Briefly, the control diet contained 11.13% casein, 65.70% corn, 4.50% bran, 7.19% whey powder, 2.0% fish meal, 1.02% digested tankage, and 8.46% supplement (mineral, vitamins, amino acids, etc.…”

“…At least 21 soybean allergens have been identified in humans ( 3 ), causing allergic symptoms including skin rash, gastrointestinal problems, rhinitis, asthma, hypotension, and anaphylaxis. Furthermore, soybean protein induces an allergic response in some animal species, such as swine ( 4 – 7 ), bovine ( 8 , 9 ), rats ( 10 ), and dogs ( 11 ).…”

Opportunities of prebiotics for the intestinal health of monogastric animals

“…(2018) FOS Dogs 1.5 g/kg 4 wk ↑ Bifidobacteria, acetic-to-propionic acid ratio ↓ pH in faces, acetic + n-butyric acid-to-propionic acid ratio Pinna et al. (2018) FOS Weaned piglets 0.6% 7 d ↑ Bifidobacteria , Lactobacillus in jejunum ↑ IFN-γ ↓ Proteobacteria in jejunum and ileum ↓ IL-4, IL-10 Chang et al. (2018) scFOS 18-wk-old obese male C57BL/6J mice 10% 4 wk ↑ Cecal and colonic crypt depth, transmural resistance ↑ Actinobacteria, Verrucomirobia Liu et al.…”

Physiological, antimicrobial, intestine morphological, and immunological effects of fructooligosaccharides in pigs

“…FOS fermentation results in the stimulation of the activities of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are part of the intestinal commensal microbiota (Salminen et al, 1998;Macfarlane and Cummings, 1999;Boguslawska-Tryk et al, 2012). Consequently, cecal SCFA and lactate content increase, thereby inhibiting the activity of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli or Salmonella species in the gut (Hidaka et al, 1986;Choi et al, 1994;Bunce et al, 1995;Fukata, 1999;Xu et al, 2002). Xu et al (2002) confirmed the same when 4 and 6 g kg −1 FOS (type is described in Sect.…”