Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) Increase Bifidobacterium but Reduce Butyrate Producing Bacteria with Adverse Glycemic Metabolism in healthy young population

Abstract

The gut microbiota has been implicated in glucose intolerance and its progression towards type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Relevant randomized clinical trial with prebiotic intervention was inadequate. We sought to evaluate the impact of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on glycemia during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intestinal microbiota. A randomized double-blind cross-over study was performed with 35 adults treated with FOS and GOS for 14 days (16 g/day). Faeces sampling, OGTT and anthropometric parameters were performed. Short-term intake of high-dose prebiotics had adverse effect on glucose metabolism, as in FOS intervention demonstrated by OGTT (P < 0.001), and in GOS intervention demonstrated by fasting glucose (P < 0.05). A significant increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was observed both in FOS and GOS group, while the butyrate-producing bacteria like Phascolarctobacterium in FOS group and Ruminococcus in GOS group were decreased. A random forest model using the initial microbiota was developed to predict OGTT levels after prebiotic intervention with relative success (R = 0.726). Our study alerted even though FOS and GOS increased Bifidobacterium, they might have adverse effect on glucose metabolism by reducing butyrate-producing microbes. Individualized prebiotics intervention based on gut microbiome needs to be evaluated in future.

Metaproteomic responses ofin vitrogut microbiomes to resistant starches: the role of resistant starch type and inter-individual variations

“…In this study, we investigated the functional and taxonomic changes in individual microbiomes exposed to different type and sources of RS using in vitro culturing and metaproteomics. The effects of RS on the microbiomes were milder than the changes observed with FOS, which is known to induce taxonomic and functional changes in the human gut microbiome in vitro [22][23][24].…”

“…Our study suggested the importance of individualized screening of dietary RS, using high-throughput approaches like RapidAIM assay [42], for improving health or for their utilization as personalized intervention for human diseases. shift the in vitro gut microbiome [22,23], was used as the positive control. Previous literature involving microbiome responses to prebiotics using fecal slurries inoculations with a 1% w/v prebiotic concentration [43,44]; this concentration was used for this study's culture samples.…”

“…Briefly, stool microbiomes from seven healthy individuals were cultured for 24 hr in the presence of RS or controls using our previously described method [21] (Figure 1). The microbiomes were treated with RS2(Hi Maize 260), RS3(Novelose 330), RS4(Fibersym RW), a non-resistant starch control (corn starch (CS)), a positive control (fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) known to consistently and markedly shift the in vitro gut microbiome [22][23][24]) or a blank control containing no compounds. The samples were then subjected to metaproteomic analysis as previously described [21].…”

Probiotics and prebiotics potential for the care of skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract

“…The effects of the synbiotic relationship on human health have been addressed in several studies, most aimed at evaluating the effects of synbiotic products on the metabolic status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (Tajadadi-Ebrahimi et al 2014). Other studies focused on healthrelated quality of life and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms (Šmid et al 2016), weight loss and maintenance in obese patients (Sanchez et al 2014), and glucose metabolism and gut microbiome (Liu et al 2017).…”

Nutraceuticals

“…One common mode of action is that they serve as an energy source for commensal or probiotic bacteria in both the rumen and the lower GIT. 83 Synbiotic is the term used when a prebiotic is fed with a probiotic and the effect together is greater than if either is fed alone (see Fig. 1).…”