Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms by Regulating Keratinocytes and Regulatory Innate Lymphoid Cells

Abstract

Fucoxanthin (FX) is a xanthophyll that is contained abundantly in marine plants. The biological action of FX includes its antioxidant and anti-lipogenic activities, while the precise action of its mechanisms on skin cells has not yet been clarified. The current study examined the effect of FX in comparison with tacrolimus (TAC) on NC/Nga mice, which are an atopic dermatitis (AD) model. FX topical treatment dramatically ameliorated itching behavior over the TAC treatment, which was insufficient for improvement of AD symptoms. In Nc/Nga mice, FX or TAC applied to the skin inhibited eosinophil infiltration with decreased expression of Il-33. FX also stimulated Il-2, Il-5, Il-13, Il-10, and TGF-β expression levels, and Sca1+Il-10+TGF-β+ regulatory innate lymphoid cells (ILCreg) were dominantly observed in FX treated skin epidermal keratinocytes and dermal layers. This combined evidence demonstrated that FX exerts anti-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes and ameliorates AD symptoms by regulating ILCreg to normalize immune responses in an atopic dermatitis model.

Translational Relevance of Mouse Models of Atopic Dermatitis

“…Corticosteroids tested against NC/Nga mice and OXA-challenged mice led to improvements in histopathologic features of AD, while also reducing the expression of Th2 cytokines in NC/Nga mice and Th2/Th17-related cytokines in OXA-challenged mice [42]. Calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus have been tested widely against NC/Nga, OXA-challenged, Ikk2∆ NES , DNFB-challenged, and HDM-induced mice [3,43,44], with models demonstrating variable response to the indicated compounds in terms of histopathologic improvements. While treatment with tacrolimus and pimecrolimus led to reductions in Th2 and Th17 activity, inflammatory cytokine suppression was not evaluated in all tested models.…”

“…Crisaborole and Compd3, which act via PDE4 inhibition, demonstrated efficacy against calcipotriol-induced AD lesions, demonstrating reductions in TSLP expression and skin swelling [46,47]. Novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have also been studied broadly in numerous models, including NC/Nga, Ikk2∆ NES , DNFB-challenged, HDM-induced, and human skin-grafted mice [44,45,48,49]. Mice treated with JAK inhibitors delgocitinib and tofacitnib led to broad inhibition of Th2-related cytokines, as well as improvements in clinical severity and barrier function [44,45,48,49].…”

“…Novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have also been studied broadly in numerous models, including NC/Nga, Ikk2∆ NES , DNFB-challenged, HDM-induced, and human skin-grafted mice [44,45,48,49]. Mice treated with JAK inhibitors delgocitinib and tofacitnib led to broad inhibition of Th2-related cytokines, as well as improvements in clinical severity and barrier function [44,45,48,49]. House dust mite allergen Delgocitinib (JTE-052) JAK inhibitor Reduction in ear thickness with greater efficacy than cyclosporine.…”

Toxic or Otherwise Harmful Algae and the Built Environment

“…On the other hand it was found recently, that Coenobotrys (Coccomyxa) gloeobotrydiformis may produce an anti-inflammatory compound that even might act against allergic reactions [ 180 ], whereas a different species of the genus Coccomyxa is regarded as potentially harmful [ 17 ]. In addition, Fucoxanthin, a major accessory pigment in Xanthophyceae and marine Phaeophyceae exhibits qualities beneficial to human health as there are indications that it may positively influence atopic dermatitis [ 181 ].…”

Fucoxanthin, A Xanthophyll from Macro- and Microalgae: Extraction Techniques, Bioactivities and Their Potential Application in Nutra- and Cosmeceutical Industries

“…Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll exhibiting several health benefits. This compound has remarkable biological properties for human health [109], such as anti-inflammatory activity [108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115], hepatoprotective effect [12,98,[116][117][118], cardioprotective activity [119][120][121], anticancer [26,116,119,[122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131], antidiabetic [75,[132][133][134], antiobesity [135][136][137][138][139], antioxidant [65,131,[140][141][142][143][144][145][146], skin protective effect…”