Fuel supply strategies for large-scale bio-energy projects in developing countries. Electricity generation from agricultural and forest residues in Northeastern Thailand

Junginger, Martin; Faaij, André; Broek, Roelof van den; Koopmans, A.; Hulscher, Wim

doi:10.1016/s0961-9534(01)00034-4

Cited by 77 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…where, V p is the volume of individual pellet (cm 3 ), D is the diameter of individual pellet (mm), L is the length of individual pellet (mm), r p is the density of individual pellet (g/cm 3 ), and m p is the mass of individual pellet (g).…”

Section: Particle Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood resources or wood wastes are considered as the most dominant raw materials for biomass pellets except for agricultural residues. Agricultural and forestry residues represented the major fuel sources for potential bio-energy projects in many developing countries [3]. Magelli et al investigated the fuel consumptions and emissions of wood pellets in British Columbia [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved bulk density of bamboo pellets as biomass for energy production

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2016

Renewable Energy

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a b s t r a c tTo the best of our knowledge, there is the lack of sufficient information concerning bamboo pellets. In the preliminary research, bamboo pellets showed a low bulk density which could not meet requirement of Pellet Fuels Institute Standard Specification for Residential/Commercial Densified (PFI). To improve its bulk density, pellets were manufactured using mixtures of bamboo and pine particles and the properties were investigated. It was found that adding pine particles to bamboo particles was an effective way to improve bulk density of bamboo pellets. When adding 40% pine particles to bamboo particles, bulk density of pellets increased from 0.54 g/cm 3 to 0.60 g/cm 3 , meeting grade requirement of PFI utility.Furthermore, length, diameter and inorganic ash of pellets were also improved. Fine contents of pellets decreased from premium grade to utility grade according to PFI standard. Net calorific value also slightly decreased but it could meet the requirement of DIN 51731 (>17,500 J/g). The effect of this interaction on bulk density, inorganic ash, Net calorific value, combustion rate and heat release rate were significant. The results from this research will be very helpful to develop bamboo pellets and provide guidelines for further research.

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Section: Particle Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved bulk density of bamboo pellets as biomass for energy production

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2016

Renewable Energy

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“…For example, Junginger and co-workers estimated that in the end of the 1990s in Thailand 50-100% of the woody residues are used as fuel or fibre feedstock in the pulp and paper industry, whereas 0-100% of the crop residues are used as fuel, fertilizer or feed, dependent on the crop type [60]. Another issue is the recovery of paper.…”

Section: Residues and Wastes Available For Bioenergy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bottom-up assessment and review of global bio-energy potentials to 2050

Smeets

Faaij

Lewandowski

et al. 2007

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

548

363

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In this article, a model for estimating bioenergy production potentials in 2050, called the Quickscan model, is presented. In addition, a review of existing studies is carried out, using results from the Quickscan model as a starting point. The Quickscan model uses a bottom-up approach and its development is based on an evaluation of data and studies on relevant factors such as population growth, per capita food consumption and the efficiency of food production. Three types of biomass energy sources are included: dedicated bioenergy crops, agricultural and forestry residues and waste, and forest growth. The bioenergy potential in a region is limited by various factors, such as the demand for food, industrial roundwood, traditional woodfuel, and the need to maintain existing forests for the protection of biodiversity. Special attention is given to the technical potential to reduce the area of land needed for food production by increasing the efficiency of food production. Thus, only the surplus area of agricultural land is included as a source for bioenergy crop production. A reference scenario was composed to analyze the demand for food. Four levels of advancement of agricultural technology in the year 2050 were assumed that vary with respect to the efficiency of food production. Results indicated that the application of very efficient agricultural systems combined with the geographic optimization of land use patterns could reduce the area of land needed to cover the global food demand in 2050 by as much as 72% of the present area. A key factor was the area of land suitable for crop production, but that is presently used for permanent grazing. Another key factor is the efficiency of the production of animal products. The bioenergy potential on surplus agricultural land (i.e. land not needed for the production of food and feed) equaled 215-1272 EJ yr , respectively. However, realization of these (technical) potentials requires significant increases in the efficiency of food production, whereby the most robust potential is found in the C.I.S. and Baltic States and East Europe. Existing scenario studies indicated that such increases in productivity may be unrealistically high, although these studies generally excluded the impact of large scale bioenergy crop production. The global potential of bioenergy production from agricultural and forestry residues and wastes was calculated to be 76-96 EJ yr À1 in the year 2050. The potential of bioenergy production from surplus forest growth (forest growth not required for the production of industrial roundwood and traditional woodfuel) was calculated to be 74 EJ yr À1 in the year 2050.

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“…Harvesting times per hectare were assumed to be the same for loblolly pine and unmanaged hardwoods, resulting in similar equipment and labor costs for harvesting (Nesbit et al 2011;Gonzalez et al 2012). Forest residues have no harvest cost, however, a collection cost was calculated (Junginger et al 2001;Koch 2008;Dirkswager et al 2011;Khachatryan et al 2008).…”

Section: Harvesting Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economics, Environmental Impacts, and Supply Chain Analysis of Cellulosic Biomass for Biofuels in the Southern US: Pine, Eucalyptus, Unmanaged Hardwoods, Forest Residues, Switchgrass, and Sweet Sorghum

Daystar¹,

Gonzalez²,

Reeb³

et al. 2013

BioResources

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The production of six regionally important cellulosic biomass feedstocks, including pine, eucalyptus, unmanaged hardwoods, forest residues, switchgrass, and sweet sorghum, was analyzed using consistent life cycle methodologies and system boundaries to identify feedstocks with the lowest cost and environmental impacts. Supply chain analysis was performed for each feedstock, calculating costs and supply requirements for the production of 453,592 dry tonnes of biomass per year. Cradle-togate environmental impacts from these modeled supply systems were quantified for nine mid-point indicators using SimaPro 7.2 LCA software. Conversion of grassland to managed forest for bioenergy resulted in large reductions in GHG emissions due to carbon uptake associated with direct land use change. By contrast, converting forests to cropland resulted in large increases in GHG emissions. Production of forest-based feedstocks for biofuels resulted in lower delivered cost, lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and lower overall environmental impacts than the agricultural feedstocks studied. Forest residues had the lowest environmental impact and delivered cost per dry tonne. Using forest-based biomass feedstocks instead of agricultural feedstocks would result in lower cradle-to-gate environmental impacts and delivered biomass costs for biofuel production in the southern U.S.

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Fuel supply strategies for large-scale bio-energy projects in developing countries. Electricity generation from agricultural and forest residues in Northeastern Thailand

Cited by 77 publications

References 5 publications

Improved bulk density of bamboo pellets as biomass for energy production

Improved bulk density of bamboo pellets as biomass for energy production

A bottom-up assessment and review of global bio-energy potentials to 2050

Economics, Environmental Impacts, and Supply Chain Analysis of Cellulosic Biomass for Biofuels in the Southern US: Pine, Eucalyptus, Unmanaged Hardwoods, Forest Residues, Switchgrass, and Sweet Sorghum

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