Fumigant bioactivity of five Citrus essential oils against Tribolium confusum

Citrus peel essential oil nanoformulations to control the tomato borer, Tuta absoluta: chemical properties and biological activity

“…Citrus EOs have been tested as pesticides against a number of pests 24,29,42–45 . This interest may be due to their easy availability worldwide at a reasonable cost.…”

“…In the sweet orange, mandarin, and lemon EOs, limonene was the most abundant among the compounds detected (88.7%, 59.2%, and 52.8%, respectively) 29 . The amount of limonene in citrus EOs also depends on seasonal variations, ecological, environmental and/or agronomic factors 24,29 . The insecticidal effects of limonene were confirmed in trials against stored product pests 48–53 mealybugs and other scale insects 54 .…”

“…The route of exposure, the environmental conditions and the physiological status of the target organism can affect the toxicity of botanicals 19–21 . These substances have then been tested against a large number of arthropod pests, such as ingestion larvicides 22 , contacticides 23 , fumigants 24 , repellents 25,26 and antifeedants 27 . Among the various extracts, plant essential oils (EOs) have shown a good potential in controlling insect pests, as well as managing bacterial and fungal plant pathogens 28–30 .…”

Effects of terpinen‐4‐ol fumigation on protein levels of detoxification enzymes in Tribolium confusum

“…The effectiveness of these compounds depends on the method of testing, the target pest species, and the specific bioactive constituents, which are potentially alternative products for controlling stored-grain pests (Arthura, Fontenot, & Campbell, 2011). Studies have shown that plant essential oils were effective in controlling T. confusum, including the oils from Nepeta cataria (Arthura et al, 2011), five citrus species in the Rutaceae family (Campolo et al, 2014), Carum copticum (Ziaee, Moharramipour, & Mohsenifar, 2014) and Tamarix boveana (Saidana et al, 2005). Further studies have reported that the main constituents such as R-(+)-limonene and S-(−)-limonene in the essential oils had high insecticidal activity against T. confusum (Malacrino, Campolo, Laudani, & Palmeri, 2016).…”

Chemical Composition of Distilled Essential Oils and Hydrosols of Four Senegalese Citrus and Enantiomeric Characterization of Chiral Compounds

“…The genus citrus from the Rutaceae family, which accounts for approximately 16 In perfumery, sensory properties of volatile compounds containing asymmetric carbons differ from one isomer to another. In addition to the sensory difference, there can be also a significant difference in biological activity 7 .…”