Fumonisin-Producing Strains of Fusarium: A Review of Their Ecophysiology

Marı́n, Sonia; Magan, Naresh; Ramos, Ana M. González; Sanchís, V.

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-67.8.1792

Cited by 133 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…This has shown that temperature and a w have a profound effect on both gene expression of key biosynthetic genes as well as significantly affecting growth and the phenotypic production of the toxic secondary metabolites. The main factors influencing the growth of the strain of F. verticillioides included environmental temperature and water availability of the substrate [10,24]. Previous studies have shown that fungal growth occurs within a wide range of temperatures, with the optimum ranging from 22.5 to 27.58C and a minimum water availability of 0.87 [25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating toxin gene expression, growth and fumonisin B ₁ and B ₂ production by a strain of Fusarium verticillioides under different environmental factors

Medina

Schmidt‐Heydt

Cárdenas‐Chávez

et al. 2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The objective of this study was to integrate data on the effect of water activity (a w ; 0.995-0.93) and temperature (20-358C) on activation of the biosynthetic FUM genes, growth and the mycotoxins fumonisin (FB 1 , FB 2 ) by Fusarium verticillioides in vitro. The relative expression of nine biosynthetic cluster genes (FUM1, FUM7, FUM10, FUM11, FUM12, FUM13, FUM14, FUM16 and FUM19) in relation to the environmental factors was determined using a microarray analysis. The expression was related to growth and phenotypic FB 1 and FB 2 production. These data were used to develop a mixed-growthassociated product formation model and link this to a linear combination of the expression data for the nine genes. The model was then validated by examining datasets outside the model fitting conditions used (358C). The relationship between the key gene (FUM1) and other genes in the cluster (FUM11, FUM13, FUM9, FUM14) were examined in relation to a w , temperature, FB 1 and FB 2 production by developing ternary diagrams of relative expression. This model is important in developing an integrated systems approach to develop prevention strategies to control fumonisin biosynthesis in staple food commodities and could also be used to predict the potential impact that climate change factors may have on toxin production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating toxin gene expression, growth and fumonisin B ₁ and B ₂ production by a strain of Fusarium verticillioides under different environmental factors

Medina

Schmidt‐Heydt

Cárdenas‐Chávez

et al. 2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…was considered as only a field pathogen, but it is now known that Fusarium verticillioides, for example, can persist in the grains after harvest, during the transport and continue its growth during the storage (Marin et al, 2004;Chulze, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality of insects and quality of maize grains in hermetic and non-hermetic storage

Viebrantz

Radünz

Dionello

2016

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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A B S T R A C TDue to the need to improve the quality and safety of foods, chemical methods used to control grain pests have been replaced by alternative methods. For example, modified atmosphere within the storage units has been used. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate maize grain quality and mortality of insects of the species Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum in hermetic and non-hermetic environments for 50 days of storage. The hermetic units consisted of polyethylene "bags" with capacity for 60 kg. A cage with 20 adults of each species and 200 g of maize was placed inside each unit. The oxygen level was quantified every five days. Evaluations of insect mortality and survival occurred at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days of storage. At 0, 30 and 50 days, density, moisture and fungal incidence analyses were conducted. The airtight system is efficient in the control of insects, with satisfactory mortality values for both species. Insects favor the development of fungi during the storage, regardless of the storage system.Mortalidade de insetos e qualidade de grãos de milho em armazenamento hermético e não-hermético R E S U M O Devido à necessidade de melhorar a qualidade e a segurança dos alimentos, a utilização de métodos químicos para o controle de pragas de grãos tem sido substituída por métodos alternativos; tem-se, como exemplo, o uso da atmosfera modificada no interior das unidades armazenadoras; portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de grãos de milho e a mortalidade de insetos das espécies Sitophilus zeamais e Tribolium castaneum em ambiente hermético e não hermético, durante 50 dias de armazenamento; as unidades herméticas consistiam de "bags" de polietileno com capacidade de 60 kg; no interior de cada unidade foi colocada uma gaiola contendo 20 insetos adultos de cada espécie e 200 g de milho; a cada cinco dias quantificou-se o nível de oxigênio; as avaliações de mortalidade e sobrevivência dos insetos foram realizadas aos 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 dias de armazenamento; aos 0, 30 e 50 dias foram analisados a massa específica, teor de água e incidência de fungos; o sistema hermético foi eficiente quanto ao controle dos insetos apresentando valores satisfatórios de mortalidade para ambas as espécies; insetos favorecem o desenvolvimento de fungos ao longo do armazenamento, independentemente do sistema de armazenagem.

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“…The influences of both ⌿ s and ⌿ m were of interest in this study because growth on crop residue and in ripening silks is determined predominantly by tolerance to solute potential, while growth in soil is determined mainly by matric potential, except in saline soils. The effects of ionic and nonionic ⌿ s stress on germination, growth, and fumonisin production by strains of F. verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum have been determined in vitro and in stored maize grain (13). However, no information is available on the effect of soil ⌿ m water stress and how F. verticillioides responds to such stress in terms of growth capability and production of fumonisins.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship between Solute and Matric Potential Stress, Temperature, Growth, and FUM1 Gene Expression in Two Fusarium verticillioides Strains from Spain

Jurado

Marín

Magan

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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105

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The objective of this work was to study the effect of ecophysiological factors on fumonisin gene expression and growth in Fusarium verticillioides. The effects of ionic and nonionic solute water potentials, matric potential, and temperature on in vitro mycelial growth rates and on expression of the FUM1 gene, involved in fumonisin biosynthesis, were examined. FUM1 transcript levels were quantified using a specific real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) protocol. Low temperature and water stress reduced fungal growth. Water stress increased FUM1 transcript levels, especially in the case of stress caused by nonionic solute. The temporal kinetic assays showed that water stress had opposite effects on fungal growth versus FUM1 expression. These results indicate that water stress may be an important factor for fumonisin accumulation, particularly in the later phases of maize colonization when water availability decreases. The quantitative RT-PCR methods described here provide a valuable tool for investigating the ecophysiological basis for fumonisin gene expression and ultimately may lead to more effective control strategies for this important mycotoxigenic pathogen.During the life cycle of Fusarium verticillioides in maize, the pathogen colonizes soil and survives effectively on crop residue and spores are dispersed predominantly via rain splash and sometimes by wind. The pathogen's life cycle is significantly influenced by environmental factors, especially water availability and temperature (14). In terrestrial ecosystems, water availability can be expressed by the total water potential (⌿ t ), a measure of the fraction of the total water content available for microbial growth in pascals (10). This is the sum of three factors: (i) osmotic or solute potential (⌿ s ) due to the presence of ions or other solutes, (ii) matric potential (⌿ m ) due directly to forces required to remove water bound to the matrix (e.g., soil), and (iii) turgor potential of microbial cells balancing their internal status with the external environment. The influences of both ⌿ s and ⌿ m were of interest in this study because growth on crop residue and in ripening silks is determined predominantly by tolerance to solute potential, while growth in soil is determined mainly by matric potential, except in saline soils. The effects of ionic and nonionic ⌿ s stress on germination, growth, and fumonisin production by strains of F. verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum have been determined in vitro and in stored maize grain (13). However, no information is available on the effect of soil ⌿ m water stress and how F. verticillioides responds to such stress in terms of growth capability and production of fumonisins.Fungi vary in their ability to tolerate ⌿ m stress. For example, basidiomycetes such as Rhizoctonia solani and the cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus) are very sensitive to matric forces compared to ionic or nonionic ⌿ s stress (1, 11). Interestingly, xerotolerant mycotoxigenic species such as Aspergill...

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Fumonisin-Producing Strains of Fusarium: A Review of Their Ecophysiology

Cited by 133 publications

References 119 publications

Integrating toxin gene expression, growth and fumonisin B ₁ and B ₂ production by a strain of Fusarium verticillioides under different environmental factors

Integrating toxin gene expression, growth and fumonisin B ₁ and B ₂ production by a strain of Fusarium verticillioides under different environmental factors

Mortality of insects and quality of maize grains in hermetic and non-hermetic storage

Relationship between Solute and Matric Potential Stress, Temperature, Growth, and FUM1 Gene Expression in Two Fusarium verticillioides Strains from Spain

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Fumonisin-Producing Strains of Fusarium: A Review of Their Ecophysiology

Cited by 133 publications

References 119 publications

Integrating toxin gene expression, growth and fumonisin B 1 and B 2 production by a strain of Fusarium verticillioides under different environmental factors

Integrating toxin gene expression, growth and fumonisin B 1 and B 2 production by a strain of Fusarium verticillioides under different environmental factors

Mortality of insects and quality of maize grains in hermetic and non-hermetic storage

Relationship between Solute and Matric Potential Stress, Temperature, Growth, and FUM1 Gene Expression in Two Fusarium verticillioides Strains from Spain

Contact Info

Product

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Integrating toxin gene expression, growth and fumonisin B ₁ and B ₂ production by a strain of Fusarium verticillioides under different environmental factors

Integrating toxin gene expression, growth and fumonisin B ₁ and B ₂ production by a strain of Fusarium verticillioides under different environmental factors